Piezoresistive properties of resin reinforced with carbon nanotubes for health-monitoring of aircraft primary structures

Vertuccio, Luigi; Guadagno, Liberata; Spinelli, Giovanni; Lamberti, Patrizia; Tucci, Vincenzo; Russo, Salvatore

doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2016.09.061

Cited by 148 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…The samples to be characterized experimentally were produced following a method already described in Ref. [4] and in accordance with the specifications of ASTM D638 standards [21] (American Society for Testing and Materials, ASTM) for mechanical tests performed by using a Dual Column Tabletop Testing Systems (INSTRON, series 5967-INSTRON, Norwood, MA, USA) configured with a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min for both loading and unloading. The resultant force was converted to axial stress (σ), while mechanical strain (ε) was determined as the machine crosshead displacement normalized by the gage length of the specimen under test.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As indicated before, if the plastic deformation induces an increase in the distance between neighbor CNTs aggregates larger around 2 nm or more, the tunneling effect becomes ineffective and thus the overall resistance increases. This effect is interesting because the sensor allows the detection of otherwise not viewable damages in the structure of the material [4,9]. Figure 4 shows the comparison of the piezoresistive properties of nanocomposites filled with 2 wt.% of MWCNTs and EG (see Figure 4a and 4b respectively).…”

Section: Piezoresistive Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As discussed above, the piezoresistive properties of a strain sensor based on conductive fillerpolymer nanocomposites were ascribed to the tunneling effect, which is the dominant mechanism for dc electrical conduction in such structures [44,45]. In particular, the overall resistance R of a nanocomposite can be calculated using the Equations (3) and (4), according to the model [1], [46] derived from tunneling theory by Simmons [47]:…”

Section: Modeling Of the Electro-mechanical Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With the recent advent of nanotechnology science, carbon nanofillers have been used for the development of multifunctional nanocomposites with integrated self-sensing properties. Based on these nanocomposites, SHM devices able to detect damage in structural materials can be produced [2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. More specifically, the inclusion of electrically conductive nanofillers in epoxy resins characterized by mechanical performances suitable for fulfilling structural requirements confers them piezoresistive properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More specifically, the inclusion of electrically conductive nanofillers in epoxy resins characterized by mechanical performances suitable for fulfilling structural requirements confers them piezoresistive properties. The variation of the residual electrical resistances of the nanocomposites allows identifying in a reliable manner permanent damages due to mechanical stresses [4,9]. More recently, 2D carbon fillers have been taken into consideration in addition to the well-known 1D carbon nanotubes (CNTs) for the production of nanocomposites with piezoresistive properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Damage Monitoring of Structural Resins Loaded with Carbon Fillers: Experimental and Theoretical Study

et al. 2020

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In the present study, nanocomposite materials for structural applications with self-sensing properties are proposed. In particular, suitable processing of epoxy resins filled with carbon nanotubes and expanded graphite characterized by very different aspect ratio leads to nanocomposite systems with high glass transition temperatures and remarkable values of the gauge factor. In particular, this notable property ranges between four, for composites filled with one-dimensional nanofiller, and 39 for composites with two-dimensional (2D) graphite derivatives. The greater sensitivity of the 2D system against permanent deformations is interpreted on the basis of an empirical mathematical model and morphological descriptions. The larger inter-contact area among the graphite layers determines a larger contact resistance change than that occurring among carbon nanotubes. The proposed systems turn out to be very advantageous in strain-sensor applications where damage detection is a key requirement to guarantee the reliability of the structures and the safety of the end-users.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Piezoresistive Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Modeling Of the Electro-mechanical Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Damage Monitoring of Structural Resins Loaded with Carbon Fillers: Experimental and Theoretical Study

et al. 2020

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Piezoresistivity, Strain, and Damage Self‐Sensing of Polymer Composites Filled with Carbon Nanostructures

2018

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Previous and current research on piezoresistivity of polymer composites filled with carbon nanostructures is reviewed. The review covers the use of the coupled electro‐mechanical response of these materials to self‐sense their strain and damage during mechanical loading. The mechanisms yielding changes in electrical resistance upon mechanical loading in polymer composites filled with carbon nanostructures are first discussed. Published knowledge is then summarized, starting with framework literature on carbon black and graphite and then moving to more recent research on carbon nanotubes, exfoliated graphite, and few‐layer graphene sheets. Piezoresistive studies of polymer nanocomposites with aligned carbon fillers are also reviewed. It is aimed that this review contributes in collecting, organizing, and summarizing the knowledge, foundations, and state of the art on the piezoresistive response of polymer composites filled with different carbon allotropes, providing new perspectives and advancing towards the fast development of smart self‐sensing carbon filled nanocomposites.

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Biocompatible Blends of an Intrinsically Conducting Polymer as Stretchable Strain Sensors for Real‐Time Monitoring of Starch‐Based Food Processing

Zhang

Yue

et al. 2021

Adv Funct Materials

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Because stretchable strain sensors that have a resistance or capacitance sensitive to strain can sense skin deformation during physical movement, they have been extensively studied as wearable devices for healthcare monitoring. In principle, they can be used to monitor starch-based food processing in real time, since starch-based food can have remarkable volume change during processing. Monitoring starch-based food processing in real time can help achieve high quality and high productivity while reducing energy consumption. Nevertheless, there is no such report in the literature. Here, a blend of starch and a biocompatible intrinsically conducting polymer, poly(3,4ethylenedioxythiophene): polystyrenesulfonate (PEDOT:PSS), is reported as a stretchable strain sensor to monitor starch-based food processing including fermentation, steaming, storage, and refreshing in a real-time manner. The resistance of the blends increases during the food volume expansion mainly caused by the fermentation, steaming, and refreshing, and it decreases as a result of the food volume shrinkage during cooling or storage. The signals can be thus used to optimize the processing conditions and control the food quality. This technology can be easily combined with the Internet of Things.

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Piezoresistive properties of resin reinforced with carbon nanotubes for health-monitoring of aircraft primary structures

Cited by 148 publications

References 44 publications

Damage Monitoring of Structural Resins Loaded with Carbon Fillers: Experimental and Theoretical Study

Damage Monitoring of Structural Resins Loaded with Carbon Fillers: Experimental and Theoretical Study

Piezoresistivity, Strain, and Damage Self‐Sensing of Polymer Composites Filled with Carbon Nanostructures

Biocompatible Blends of an Intrinsically Conducting Polymer as Stretchable Strain Sensors for Real‐Time Monitoring of Starch‐Based Food Processing

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