Piezoresistive sensors for smart textiles

Calvert, Paul; Patra, Prabir; Lo, Te-Chen; Chen, Chi H.; Sawhney, Amit; Agrawal, Alpna

doi:10.1117/12.715740

Cited by 27 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…As the fibrous material is strained, the network creates more contacts, which decreases the resistance in the printed material resulting in a negative gauge factor. Al-Chami and Cretu reported a gauge factor of −81 for strains below 0.015% for PEDOT:PSS printed on paper [16], and Calvert et al reported gauge factors in the range of −5 to −20 for PEDOT printed on fabrics [15]. On the other hand, strain sensors fabricated using lift-off processes have exhibited less of a piezoresistive effect due to the increase in film thickness.…”

Section: A Cyclic Loadingmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Among the strain sensitive materials, PEDOT:PSS has received attention as a good candidate for producing low cost printed strain sensors due to the material's inherent piezoresistive characteristics. For example, solution-processed PEDOT:PSS has been used to create strain sensors by inkjet printing on textiles [15], paper [16], and plastics [16], [17]. Although PEDOT:PSS exhibits piezoresistive characteristics, the material also has several drawbacks caused by environmental dependency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The primary methods involve depositing a conductive ink with an inkjet printer, an aerosol printer, or a lift-off process. For the conductive inks, silver nanoparticle solutions [14] and conductive polymer solutions such as poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) have been utilized [15]- [19]. Among the strain sensitive materials, PEDOT:PSS has received attention as a good candidate for producing low cost printed strain sensors due to the material's inherent piezoresistive characteristics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Aerosol-Printed Strain Sensor Using PEDOT:PSS

Thompson

Yoon

2013

IEEE Sensors J.

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Recently, printed electronics have received growing attention as a method to produce low-cost large-area electronics on flexible substrates. This technology relies on printing techniques to deposit electrically functional materials onto flexible substrates to fabricate circuits with various electronic components such as resistors, capacitors, and transistors. In this paper, we apply the printed electronics technology to the development of strain sensors for measuring dynamic strain of a structure. To print sensors, we develop an aerosol printing system capable of atomizing a material solution into microscopic particles and depositing the particles on a target surface. Using this system, a water-based conductive polymer, PEDOT:PSS solution is deposited on a plastic beam. Then, piezoresistive sensing capabilities of the printed strain sensor are studied for low frequency cyclic loadings. Finally, the performance of the printed sensor is compared with a conventional thin-foil strain gauge for measuring dynamic strain of a beam under free vibration. The results show that this type of printed strain sensor can be used to accurately measure structural vibrations.

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Section: A Cyclic Loadingmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Aerosol-Printed Strain Sensor Using PEDOT:PSS

Thompson

Yoon

2013

IEEE Sensors J.

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“…PEDOT:PSS is a transparent, conjugated and conductive polymer that is highly ductile, stretchable, and has good environmental stability. Several researchers have fabricated and characterized tactile sensors using PEDOT:PSS for smart textiles [5] flexible piezoresistive strain gauge sensors [6.7] and touch sensors [8]. Its success as a sensing material can be attributed to its gauge factor, 5 to 20, whereas that of conventional metal films is about 2.…”

Section: Pressure Sensors For Robotic Skinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

EHD printing of PEDOT: PSS inks for fabricating pressure and strain sensor arrays on flexible substrates

et al. 2015

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Robotic skins with multi-modal sensors are necessary to facilitate better human-robotic interaction in non-structured environments. Integration of various sensors, especially onto substrates with non-uniform topographies, is challenging using standard semiconductor fabrication techniques. Printing is seen as a technology with great promise that can be used for sensor fabrication and integration as it may allow direct printing of different sensors onto the same substrate regardless of topology. In this work, we investigate Electro-Hydro-Dynamic (EHD) printing, a method that allows printing of micron-sized features with a wide range of materials, for fabricating pressure sensor arrays using Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):Polystyrene Sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS). Fabrication of such sensors has been achieved by prepatterning gold or platinum metallized interdigitated comb electrode arrays on a polyimide substrate, with three custom made PEDOT:PSS based inks printed directly onto the electrode arrays. These three inks include a formulation of PEDOT:PSS and NMP; PEDOT:PSS, PVP, and NMP; and PEDOT:PSS, PVP, Nafion, and NMP. All these inks were successfully printed onto sensor elements. The initial results of bending-induced strain tests on the fabricated sensors display that all the inks are sensitive to strain. This confirms their suitability for pressure and strain sensor applications; however, the behavior of each ink; including sensitivity, linearity, and stability; is unique to the type.

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“…PEDOT:PSS is a conductive and transparent polymer that is stretchable, highly ductile and environmentally stable [29]. It has been used as smart textiles [21], flexible piezoresistive strain gauge sensors [22][23] and touch sensors [24]. Typical conventional metal films has a gauge factor of 2, PEDOT:PSS's gauge factor ranges from 5 to 20, makes it an ideal choice for our work.…”

Section: Piezoresistive Pressure Sensormentioning

confidence: 99%

Piezoresistive pressure sensor array for robotic skin

Mirza¹,

Sahasrabuddhe²,

Baptist³

et al. 2016

Sensors for Next-Generation Robotics III

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Robots are starting to transition from the confines of the manufacturing floor to homes, schools, hospitals, and highly dynamic environments. As, a result, it is impossible to foresee all the probable operational situations of robots, and preprogram the robot behavior in those situations. Among human-robot interaction technologies, tactile sensing is an intuitive physical interaction method that can help define operational behaviors for robots cooperating with humans. Multimodal robotic skin with distributed sensors can help robots to increase their perception capabilities according to the surrounding environments.Electro-Hydro-Dynamic (EHD) printing is a flexible multi-modal sensor fabrication method because of its direct printing capability of a wide range of materials onto substrates with non-uniform topographies. In past work we designed interdigitated comb electrodes as a sensing element and printed piezoresistive strain sensors using customized EHD printable PEDOT:PSS based inks. We formulated a PEDOT:PSS derivative ink, by mixing PEDOT:PSS and DMSO. Bending induced characterization tests of prototyped sensors showed high sensitivity and sufficient stability.In this paper, we describe SkinCells, robot skin sensor arrays integrated with electronic modules. 4x4 EHD-printed arrays of strain sensors was packaged onto Kapton sheets and silicone encapsulant and interconnected to a custom electronic module that consists of a microcontroller, Wheatstone bridge with adjustable digital potentiometer, multiplexer, and serial communication unit. Thus, SkinCell's electronics can be used for signal acquisition, conditioning, and networking between sensor modules. Several SkinCells were loaded with controlled pressure, temperature and humidity testing apparatuses, and testing results are reported in this paper.

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Piezoresistive sensors for smart textiles

Cited by 27 publications

References 11 publications

Aerosol-Printed Strain Sensor Using PEDOT:PSS

Aerosol-Printed Strain Sensor Using PEDOT:PSS

EHD printing of PEDOT: PSS inks for fabricating pressure and strain sensor arrays on flexible substrates

Piezoresistive pressure sensor array for robotic skin

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