Piezotronic‐based magnetoelectric sensor: Fabrication and response

Abstract

In the present work, magnetoelectric‐piezotronic devices have been fabricated using exceptionally long (mm long) ZnO nano‐ and microneedles grown by the simple and versatile flame transport synthesis approach. The piezotronic response to an applied magnetic field has been investigated for state of the art magnetoelectric (ME) sensors containing AlN and PZT as piezoelectric phase as well as sensors based on ZnO nano‐ and microneedles, which are among the best described materials in terms of piezotronic applications. The current voltage (I–V) characteristics of the fabricated electronic sensor devices have been measured to understand the individual contributions of the piezoelectric and semiconducting properties. The experimentally obtained correlations between the piezotronic effect and the I–V responses have been fitted using appropriate theoretical models which have been discussed in detail. The current observations demonstrate that ME based piezotronic sensing devices have complementary roles, on one hand, the ME principle helps to get a better understanding of the piezotronic nature of quasi one dimensional (Q1D) ZnO nano‐ and microneedles, and on the other hand, the integration of a piezotronic effect leads to an improved sensitivity of the ME devices and hence to a better quality of ME sensors.

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“…When "n" is changed to 25 and then to 50, the peak voltage amplitudes are consistent with the linear relationship given in Equation (8). The relationship between the peak power and "n" is expressed by −1.5 × n + 2.8 × n 2 (blue line in Figure 15c,iii).…”

“…The term "energy" has already become a part of the current smart civilization, and it is almost impossible to survive without energy on a day-to-day basis. Considering the successfully designed and checked for their key characterizations benchmark such as the electromagnetic effect [5] , thermoelectric effect [6] , photovoltaic effect [7] , piezoelectric effect [8] , and triboelectric effect [9] . Remarkably, the world consumes a large amount of energy, and most of this energy is obtained via fossil fuels that emit greenhouse gases.…”

“…To overcome these issues, energy harvesting from living atmospheres such as human body motion activities would be a promising approach to generate power at the Watt level, through simple body movement and heat emission. [ 4 ] To convert this energy into electricity, many techniques have been successfully designed and checked for their key characterizations benchmark such as the electromagnetic effect [ 5 ] , thermoelectric effect [ 6 ] , photovoltaic effect [ 7 ] , piezoelectric effect [ 8 ] , and triboelectric effect [ 9 ] . Remarkably, the world consumes a large amount of energy, and most of this energy is obtained via fossil fuels that emit greenhouse gases.…”

Piezoresistive Response of Quasi-One-Dimensional ZnO Nanowires Using an in Situ Electromechanical Device

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Low-frequency energy harvesters made from double-layer PZT thick films on titanium plate

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