Pig enamel revisited – Incremental markings in enamel of wild boars and domestic pigs

Kierdorf, Horst; Breuer, Friederike; Witzel, Carsten; Kierdorf, Uwe

doi:10.1016/j.jsb.2018.11.009

Cited by 21 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…The simulations point to the critical role of the diffusion-limited effect of matrix secretion in increasing tooth surface complexity and, together with convex and concave EDJ features, in fine-tuning the shape of the enamel surface. Previously the rate of matrix secretion has been reported to be highest in the outer parts of the enamel [9, 27]. The result is supported by our simulations and synchrotron data, but only in the convex parts of the crown (Fig 4).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…In addition to the distribution of enamel in fully formed teeth, the diffusion-limited simulations can be used to examine the progression of the matrix secretion process itself. The successive positions of the matrix-secreting front during development is recorded in teeth by incremental lines (laminations or striae of Retzius, [9]) that are broadly analogous to growth rings in trees [21]. These are preserved in mature enamel and can be observed from thin sections or through phase contrast synchrotron imaging [22].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because the enamel secretion period is shorter towards the base of the tooth and the enamel is therefore thinner, we implemented a nutrient sink at the base to simulate the shorter secretion period (Methods). The sink decreases the rate of matrix formation towards the base of the crown (Fig 6A), thereby approximating crown formation and the apical decline in matrix secretion before the initiation of root development [9]. Biologically, the sink implementation can be considered a simplification of the crown-tip-to-base growth of the capillaries providing nutrients [18].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, complex patterns of enamel thickness on a tooth crown can result from a single developmental process, without the need to evoke specific control or explanations for the thickness of individual features. Combined with in-depth analyses of enamel formation rates [4, 9, 27] and isotope compositions [28, 29] obtainable from sections, our model should help to move studies using enamel thickness towards more mechanistic and predictive science. The model also points to the need to investigate the role of extracellular space and capillaries in regulating diffusion, and to the potential effects of cell-cell tension in the ameloblast layer [30].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The thickness of the enamel layer relative to the tooth size ranges from thin to very thick. These differences among species, and also increasingly within the tooth crown, have been informative in studies focused on functional properties of teeth, taxonomy, and life history [1–9]. Even though mutations in genes required for enamel matrix secretion and maturation are known to affect the enamel thickness in mammals [10], relatively little is known about the regulatory changes that might underlie the variation in enamel thickness among populations or species [1, 11, 12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modeling enamel matrix secretion in mammalian teeth

et al. 2019

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The most mineralized tissue of the mammalian body is tooth enamel. Especially in species with thick enamel, three-dimensional (3D) tomography data has shown that the distribution of enamel varies across the occlusal surface of the tooth crown. Differences in enamel thickness among species and within the tooth crown have been used to examine taxonomic affiliations, life history, and functional properties of teeth. Before becoming fully mineralized, enamel matrix is secreted on the top of a dentine template, and it remains to be explored how matrix thickness is spatially regulated. To provide a predictive framework to examine enamel distribution, we introduce a computational model of enamel matrix secretion that maps the dentine topography to the enamel surface topography. Starting from empirical enamel-dentine junctions, enamel matrix deposition is modeled as a diffusion-limited free boundary problem. Using laboratory microCT and synchrotron tomographic data of pig molars that have markedly different dentine and enamel surface topographies, we show how diffusion-limited matrix deposition accounts for both the process of matrix secretion and the final enamel distribution. Simulations reveal how concave and convex dentine features have distinct effects on enamel surface, thereby explaining why the enamel surface is not a straightforward extrapolation of the dentine template. Human and orangutan molar simulations show that even subtle variation in dentine topography can be mapped to the enamel surface features. Mechanistic models of extracellular matrix deposition can be used to predict occlusal morphologies of teeth.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modeling enamel matrix secretion in mammalian teeth

et al. 2019

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Those who died very young—Inferences from δ¹⁵N and δ¹³C in bone collagen and the absence of a neonatal line in enamel related to the possible onset of breastfeeding

Siebke

Moghaddam

Cunningham

et al. 2019

American J Phys Anthropol

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Signatures of stress: Pilot study of accentuated laminations in porcine enamel

Skinner

Byra²

2019

American J Phys Anthropol

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ObjectivesTo examine the correspondence between histology of defective enamel and documented developmental stressors using a pig proxy; with the ultimate goal of differentiating, within enamel, stressor types including birth, weaning, surgery, and social disruption.Materials and methodsLower first molars were removed from five female and four male domestic pigs, thin‐sectioned and examined with phase‐contrast microscopy for daily and accentuated laminations. Known stressor events include birth; processing (nonanesthetized clipping of needle teeth, tail docking, and castration) within 5 days of birth; weaning in nursery; penned vaccination 2–4 days later; transfer to grower barn; additional vaccination. Timing of accentuated laminations was derived from counts of daily laminations from birth and between accentuated laminations; or, more commonly, from measurements between accentuated laminations divided by average daily lamination width.ResultsAcknowledging our small sample, we confirm daily periodicity of laminations in pig enamel. Lamination width varies among sexes (males wider), cusps, crown decile, and enamel depth (wider toward surface). Accentuated laminations occurred at reconstructed median ages of 3.7 days after birth (cf. up to 5 days for “processing”), 19.7 days (cf. 18–25 days for weaning), 4.5 days (cf. 2–4 days for vaccination) and ~39.5 days (cf. 63 days for transfer).DiscussionEncouragingly, the timing of known stressors (birth, surgical processing, weaning, and vaccination) can be determined with high precision, in good thin sections, from accentuated laminations in pig enamel. Timing of transfer was poorly estimated, likely reflecting lesser severity and the occurrence of undocumented stress events in the nursery.

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Pig enamel revisited – Incremental markings in enamel of wild boars and domestic pigs

Cited by 21 publications

References 51 publications

Modeling enamel matrix secretion in mammalian teeth

Modeling enamel matrix secretion in mammalian teeth

Those who died very young—Inferences from δ¹⁵N and δ¹³C in bone collagen and the absence of a neonatal line in enamel related to the possible onset of breastfeeding

Signatures of stress: Pilot study of accentuated laminations in porcine enamel

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Pig enamel revisited – Incremental markings in enamel of wild boars and domestic pigs

Cited by 21 publications

References 51 publications

Modeling enamel matrix secretion in mammalian teeth

Modeling enamel matrix secretion in mammalian teeth

Those who died very young—Inferences from δ15N and δ13C in bone collagen and the absence of a neonatal line in enamel related to the possible onset of breastfeeding

Signatures of stress: Pilot study of accentuated laminations in porcine enamel

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Those who died very young—Inferences from δ¹⁵N and δ¹³C in bone collagen and the absence of a neonatal line in enamel related to the possible onset of breastfeeding