Pigment Gallstone Formation in the Cholesterol–Fed Guinea Pig

LaMorte, Wayne W.; Brotschi, Erica A.; Scott, Thayer E.; Williams, Lester F.

doi:10.1002/hep.1840050106

Cited by 23 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Dilution of bile without alteration of the relative proportions of cholesterol, bile salts and lecithin does increase the lithogenicity of bile (2). La Morte et al (23) found that cholesterol-fed guinea pigs have greater hepatic bile flow, less absorption of H20 by the gallbladder and greater fasting gallbladder volume than controls.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Different susceptibilities to the formation of cholesterol gallstones in mice

Alexander

Portman

1987

Hepatology

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In the search for an animal model of genetic determinants of cholesterol cholelithiasis, we found strain, gender and individual differences in mice. Male black (C57BL6J) mice had a 50% incidence of cholesterol gallstones after they consumed lithogenic food similar to that used by Tepperman et al. for 2 weeks, whereas similarly treated male agouti (CBA/J) mice and females of both strains were free of gallstones. The male and female mice of both strains were fertile at 8 weeks of age, and the male black mice were first susceptible to induction of gallstones at 24 weeks of age. Male agouti mice of the same age did not form gallstones until they had consumed the lithogenic food for 8 weeks. The gallbladder biles of both strains were supersaturated with cholesterol during the lithogenic regimen. The male agouti mice had much higher fractional turnover rates of [24-14C]cholic acid than did the male black mice. In spite of their small total cholate pools, the agouti mice had higher rates of new cholate synthesis than did the black mice. The rate of disappearance of [1,2-3H]cholesterol from the blood was higher in the male agouti than in the black mice. The gallbladders of the agouti mice contained less bile and weighed less empty than gallbladders of the black mice. They also did not increase in volume in response to the lithogenic diet as much as gallbladders of the black mice. The difference in gallstone induction times between male and female black mice was as great as the difference between the two strains.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Different susceptibilities to the formation of cholesterol gallstones in mice

Alexander

Portman

1987

Hepatology

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“…The lithogenicity of bile decreases following the administration of statins due to a reduction in the total low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol without affecting the bile acid synthesis as measured by the total bile acid excretion in feces [10]. The effect of a high-cholesterol diet in the formation of pigment stones was documented by an in vivo experiment conducted by Lamorte et al [11]. Guinea pigs fed with a highcholesterol diet formed calcium bilirubinate crystals.…”

Section: Hypercholesterolemia As a Risk Factor For Gallstone Formationmentioning

confidence: 97%

Reactive Oxygen Species and the Hypomotility of the Gall Bladder as Targets for the Treatment of Gallstones with Melatonin: A Review

et al. 2008

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Free radical-mediated damage of the gall bladder epithelium predisposes to the development of both gall bladder inflammation and gallstone formation, which often coexist. Melatonin, a pineal and gut secretory product, due to its antioxidant activity along with its effect on the aging gall bladder myocytes, inhibits gallstone formation. Melatonin reduces the biliary levels of cholesterol by inhibiting cholesterol absorption across the intestinal epithelium and by increasing the conversion of cholesterol to bile acids. The incidence of gallstones is increasing and is expected to rise dramatically with the increase in the longevity and the risk factors such as obesity. The change in the prevalence of cholelithiasis is associated with a proportionate rise in the incidence of cholangiocarcinoma. In an attempt to improve the quality of life of the rapidly increasing aging population, this article reviews up-to-date information on the pathophysiology of the gall bladder function and discusses the development of new therapies with potential good patient compliance and lower cost than the current treatments.

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“…H ypertension is an independent risk factor for coronary artery disease 1,2 and for carotid 3,4 and lower extremity 5,6 occlusive disease. Other multivariate clinical studies have shown that pulse pressure is also an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis.…”

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confidence: 99%

Reduction of Aortic Wall Motion Inhibits Hypertension-Mediated Experimental Atherosclerosis

Tropea

Schwarzacher

Chang

et al. 2000

ATVB

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Abstract-Hypertension is a well-known risk factor for coronary artery disease and carotid and lower extremity occlusive disease. Surgically induced hypertension in hypercholesterolemic animals results in increased aortic wall motion and increased plaque formation. We tested the hypothesis that reduction in aortic wall motion, despite continued hypertension, could reduce plaque formation. New Zealand White rabbits (nϭ26) underwent thoracic aortic banding to induce hypertension and were fed an atherogenic diet for 3 weeks. In 13 rabbits, a segment of aorta proximal to an aortic band was externally wrapped to reduce wall motion. All animals were fed an atherogenic diet for 3 weeks. Four groups were studied: 1, coarctation control (no wrap, nϭ7); 2, coarctation with loose wrap (nϭ6); 3, coarctation with firm wrap (nϭ7); and 4, control (noncoarcted, nϭ6). Wall motion, blood pressure, and pulse pressure were measured at standard reference sites proximal and distal to the coarctation by use of intravascular ultrasound. Quantitative morphometry was used to measure intimal plaque. Mean arterial pressure and cyclic aortic wall motion were equally increased proximal to the aortic coarctation in all 3 coarcted rabbit groups compared with the control group (PϽ0.001). Wall motion in the segment of aorta under the loose and firm wraps was no different from the control value. The external wrap significantly reduced intimal thickening in the 4 groups by the following amounts: group 1, 0.30Ϯ0.03 mm 2 ; group 2, 0.06Ϯ0.02 mm 2 ; group 3, 0.04Ϯ0.02 mm 2 ; and group 4, 0.01Ϯ0.01 mm 2 (PϽ0.001). Localized inhibition of aortic wall motion in the lesion-prone hypertensive aorta resulted in significant reduction in intimal plaque formation. These data suggest that arterial wall cyclic motion may stimulate cellular proliferation and lipid uptake in experimental atherosclerosis. Key Words: wall motion Ⅲ hypertension Ⅲ atherosclerosis Ⅲ pulse pressure H ypertension is an independent risk factor for coronary artery disease 1,2 and for carotid 3,4 and lower extremity 5,6 occlusive disease. Other multivariate clinical studies have shown that pulse pressure is also an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis. 7,8 Previous experimental studies in our laboratory 9,10 and in others 11,12 have demonstrated that surgically created aortic coarctations increase blood pressure proximal to the coarctation and increase the rate of plaque deposition in hypercholesterolemic rabbits and monkeys.On the other hand, the aorta distal to a severe coarctation experiences reduced wall motion and is largely protected from plaque formation despite hypercholesterolemia in animals. 13 In a separate study, rigid external casts of lesion-prone arteries in normotensive hypercholesterolemic rabbits inhibited plaque formation, perhaps because of reduced wall motion. 14 In the present experiment, we reduced aortic wall motion in the hypertensive atherosclerosis-prone aorta proximal to a coarctation by externally wrapping a segment of aorta and studied the effect on plaq...

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Pigment Gallstone Formation in the Cholesterol–Fed Guinea Pig

Cited by 23 publications

References 30 publications

Different susceptibilities to the formation of cholesterol gallstones in mice

Different susceptibilities to the formation of cholesterol gallstones in mice

Reactive Oxygen Species and the Hypomotility of the Gall Bladder as Targets for the Treatment of Gallstones with Melatonin: A Review

Reduction of Aortic Wall Motion Inhibits Hypertension-Mediated Experimental Atherosclerosis

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