Pigmentation Physiology and Discoloration Problems

Pavlidis, M.; Chatzifotis, Stavros; Adachi, Kohsuke

doi:10.1002/9781444392210.ch9

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…The skin pigmentation pattern can be considered as an index of animal welfare in aquaculture species (Kittilsen, Schjolden, Beitnes-Johansen, Shaw, Pottinger, Sørensen, Braastad, Bakken & Øverli 2009;Pavlidis, Chatzifotis & Adachi 2011) and a factor of prime economical consideration for the acceptance of the product by the consumer and for the price at point-of-sale. Under cultured conditions, several red sparids, like the red porgy, P. pagrus, the red (Japanese) sea bream, Pagrus major and the Australian snapper, Pagrus aurata, exhibit significant pigmentation problems (Booth, Warner-Smith, Allan & Glencross 2004;Pavlidis et al 2006Pavlidis et al , 2008Doolan, Allan, Booth & Jones 2008a, 2008b.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Installation, operation and evaluation of a submerged cage at 45M depth in crete for the rearing of red porgyPagrus pagrus

et al. 2012

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Socio‐economic factors related to management of costal zones and biological parameters related to species‐specific requirements set limitations for the rearing location of net‐pen sea cages. A cage was designed and installed at 45 m depth based on the REFA Tension Length Cage technology at the cage facility of the Hellenic Centre for Marine Research in Crete. The cage‐net module consisted of a net‐pen contained within a hexagonal rigid frame to maintain the shape of the net. Vertical beams of the frame glider on six tension legs were placed in a circle. The operation of the cage was evaluated using a group of red porgy (Pagrus pagrus) for a rearing period of 4 months whereas a second group reared in a surface net‐pen cage served as control. Growth performance was similar between the experimental groups. The rearing method significantly affected fish skin pigmentation. Individuals reared in the submerged cage had a brighter skin colour and lower skin melatonin content compared with the ones reared in the surface cage. The presented submerged cage may provide a feasible alternative for rearing fish in exposed areas and particularly species requiring specific biological conditions, such as narrow temperature ranges and low light intensity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Installation, operation and evaluation of a submerged cage at 45M depth in crete for the rearing of red porgyPagrus pagrus

et al. 2012

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“…Wild seabream were described as ones that exhibited vivid pigmentation, whereas farmed fish were reported as either with a pale greying or a darken skin description (Grigorakis et al, 2002;Rogdakis et al, 2011;Šimat et al, 2012). It seems that farming conditions, including high fish densities, daylight exposure and commercial feed deficient in natural sources of pigments, triggers an excessive production of melanin (Pavlidis et al, 2011). As a result, farmed fish show high colouration similarity and a typically dark farmed appearance, regardless of broodstock source and farming location, as observed in this study (see 5).…”

Section: External Body Colour and Otolith Appearance Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plastic Responses of Gilthead Seabream Sparus aurata to Wild and Aquaculture Pressured Environments

et al. 2021

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Fish farms, as artificial marine structures with a constant food supply, have a high capacity to attract surrounding wild fish. Different phenotypes of abundant gilthead seabream have been recorded in natural and aquaculture pressured environments in the eastern Adriatic Sea, where the influence of tuna farming on plastic traits associated with habitat use and foraging behaviour remains largely unknown. Several traits, such as body and otolith shape, external colouration, diet preference, and proximate tissue content, were analysed to examine habitat selection of the tuna farm-associated phenotype in comparison to wild and farmed phenotypes. Foraging behavioural shifts in prey selectivity, from hard-shelled bivalves towards soft textured baitfish feed, and local hydrodynamic conditions have initiated plastic responses in farm-associated seabream. Consequently, morphological traits connected with feeding and swimming performance and paler vs. vivid body colouration patterns differed between wild and farm-associated fish, highlighting the existence of resource polymorphism in gilthead seabream. While otolith shape proved to be a reliable phenotypic tracer in distinguishing farmed from wild and farm-associated fish, reduced sensitivity was found between individuals residing in the vicinity of tuna farms and wild ones. To fully understand the impact of fish farms on associated gilthead seabream and its plastic response with a distinctive morph outcome, the underlying molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of alternative phenotypes needs to be investigated.

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“…In aquaculture conditions, skin coloration, and especially lightness, has been related to product quality, animal welfare 2 , 7 , as well as to consumer’s perception and economic value of marketable-sized fish 8 – 11 . Changes in skin lightness are closely related to the melanin content and the number and shape of melanophores 3 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although quantification of skin chromaticity parameters in fish species can be accurately estimated either in specific fish areas using colorimeters 2 or at the whole animal level using image processing and analysis software 17 , measuring the melanin content or melanophore number and coverage in fish skin has been proven challenging until now. Melanin is insoluble in water and shows an irregular structure creating an obstacle for chemical analysis, particularly quantification 8 . Additionally, in order to quantify melanin, fish need to be euthanized to obtain skin samples.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid confocal fluorescence and photoacoustic microscopy for the label-free investigation of melanin accumulation in fish scales

Tserevelakis

Pavlidis

Σαμαράς

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Lower vertebrates, including fish, can rapidly alter skin lightness through changes in melanin concentration and melanosomes’ mobility according to various factors, which include background color, light intensity, ambient temperature, social context, husbandry practices and acute or chronic stressful stimuli. Within this framework, the determination of skin chromaticity parameters in fish species is estimated either in specific areas using colorimeters or at the whole animal level using image processing and analysis software. Nevertheless, the accurate quantification of melanin content or melanophore coverage in fish skin is quite challenging as a result of the laborious chemical analysis and the typical application of simple optical imaging methods, requiring also to euthanize the fish in order to obtain large skin samples for relevant investigations. Here we present the application of a novel hybrid confocal fluorescence and photoacoustic microscopy prototype for the label-free imaging and quantification of melanin in fish scales samples with high spatial resolution, sensitivity and detection specificity. The hybrid images are automatically processed through optimized algorithms, aiming at the accurate and rapid extraction of various melanin accumulation indices in large datasets (i.e., total melanin content, melanophores’ area, density and coverage) corresponding to different fish species and groups. Furthermore, convolutional neural network-based algorithms have been trained using the recorded data towards the classification of different scales’ samples with high accuracy. In this context, we demonstrate that the proposed methodology may increase substantially the precision, as well as, simplify and expedite the relevant procedures for the quantification of melanin content in marine organisms.

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Pigmentation Physiology and Discoloration Problems

Cited by 6 publications

References 80 publications

Installation, operation and evaluation of a submerged cage at 45M depth in crete for the rearing of red porgyPagrus pagrus

Installation, operation and evaluation of a submerged cage at 45M depth in crete for the rearing of red porgyPagrus pagrus

Plastic Responses of Gilthead Seabream Sparus aurata to Wild and Aquaculture Pressured Environments

Hybrid confocal fluorescence and photoacoustic microscopy for the label-free investigation of melanin accumulation in fish scales

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