Pigments, Inorganic

Völz, Hans G.; Kischkewitz, J.; Woditsch, Peter; Westerhaus, Axel; Griebler, Wolf‐Dieter; Liedekerke, Marcel De; Buxbaum, Gunter; Printzen, Helmut; Mansmann, M.; Räde, Dieter; Trenczek, G.; Wilhelm, Volker; Schwarz, Stefanie; Wienand, Henning; Adel, Jörg; Adrian, G.; Brandt, Karl; Cork, William B.; Winkeler, Heinrich; Mayer, Wielfried; Schneider, Klaus; Leitner, L.; Kathrein, H.; Schwab, E.; Jakusch, H.; Ohlinger, Manfred; Veitch, R.J.; Etzrodt, Günter; Pfaff, Gerhard; Franz, Klaus‐Dieter; Emmert, Ralf; Nitta, Katsuhisa; Besold, R.; Gaedcke, Harald

doi:10.1002/14356007.a20_243

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…The second mechanism is degradation of ferricyanide, as noted by a blue coloration of tubes and membranes (S4 † ), which we attribute to the formation of Prussian blue from the ferri/ferrocyanide indicating potential long-term stability issues with this compound. 37 The Prussian blue formation decreases the membrane permeability for the cations, so the resistance of the cell increases, which can also explain the lowered capacity with cycling. Nevertheless, the battery performance is satisfactory in the present context, which is only evaluating the performance of the photocathode as a function of SOC.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unbiased, complete solar charging of a neutral flow battery by a single Si photocathode

Wedege¹,

Bae

Dražević³

et al. 2018

RSC Adv.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unbiased, complete solar charging of a neutral flow battery by a single Si photocathode

Wedege¹,

Bae

Dražević³

et al. 2018

RSC Adv.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…oils, emollients, emulsifiers and pigment molecules responsible for cosmetic colour. Among all the cosmetic pigments, titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ), commonly called as titanium white (CI 77891) [4], has been estimated as the component used Résumé Objectif: Les pigments de dioxyde de titane (TiO 2 ) (pur) ou avec un revêtement hydrophobe de triéthoxycaprylylsilane (TECSi) sont utilisés dans les cosmétiques. En utilisant différentes méthodes, nous avons étudié les propriétés des pigments purs et enrobés disponibles dans le commerce.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Comparative study of titanium dioxide to improve the quality of finished cosmetic products

Świątczak

Belica-Pacha

Zawisza

et al. 2023

Intern J of Cosmetic Sci

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Objective Titanium dioxide (TiO2) pigments (pure) or with a hydrophobic coating of triethoxycaprylylsilane (TECSi) used in cosmetics. Using different methods, we studied properties of commercially available pure and coated pigment. We determined the elemental composition of pigments that differ in their behaviour in a cosmetic formulation. The significant differences in the coating composition were revealed. Methods UV–Vis absorption spectroscopy allowed us to investigate the pigment purity and determined the polymorph form in pigments. FTIR was employed to identify functional groups present in the samples with the modified surface. XRD, DLS, TEM and DCS were applied to characterize particle size and morphology. The experiment of ED‐XRF method was used to determine the elemental composition of pigments that differ in their behaviour in a cosmetic formulation. Results UV–Vis spectroscopy was used to detect organic pollutants in particular batches, which were not detected in the cases of the tested samples. Solid UV–Vis spectroscopy and XRD revealed which crystalline form of TiO2 is present in pigments. TEM and DLS methods were used to characterize particle size and morphology as well as DCS method, which provide more accurate information about form (separated or clustered particles) of pigments' particles in suspensions. Based on FTIR spectra, the presence of a coating in the raw material was identified, and the tell‐tale signal of the silane group. On the contrary, spectroscopy of washed‐out product can identify the well or poorly modified pigment. Applying ED‐XRF, it turned out that the content of silicon (and consequently of the TECSi) was lower than that declared by the manufacturer. Conclusion Our data indicate how we can recognize poorly coated pigments in raw material. The results show that ED‐XRF method is nondestructive, effective and fast, hence, can be successfully introduced into preproduction pigment control in cosmetic industry.

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“…In the late 1990s, it was estimated that Sweden and the Great Britain released approximately 150 tonnes of zinc per year from tyre treads into the environment 7 . Annual global production of ZnO exceeds 1.2 million tons, of which the rubber industry uses 50–60% 9,10 . Typically, three to five parts per hundred rubbers were added in the rubber compounds 11 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of active, nano, and functionalized zinc oxide particles on the mechanical, cytotoxicity, and thermal stability of carbon black filled SBR/NR blends

Sreethu

Jana

et al. 2023

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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This study examines the viability of functionalized, nano, and active zinc oxide (ZnO) as an alternative activator in styrene butadiene rubber–natural rubber (SBR–NR) blends filled with carbon black. Concerns about the environmental impact and toxicity of Zn leaching into aquatic organisms necessitate reducing the amount of ZnO in rubber compounding. The mechanical properties, crosslink density, and thermal and morphological qualities of the SBR/NR blends made with these ZnO (F2BB, N2BB, and A2BB) were studied and compared to conventional ZnO loaded blend (C5BB). Thermal stability was evaluated using thermogravimetric analysis and temperature scanning stress relaxation. A2BB showed the highest thermal stability, while F2BB exhibited a 35% increase in tensile strength and a 28% increase in elongation at break due to polysulfide linkages. N2BB and A2BB increased tensile strength by 28 and 16% compared to C5BB. Cytotoxicity of various ZnO concentrations on HT‐22 hippocampal cells was investigated, and active and nano ZnO were found to be less toxic. Using active and nano ZnO can improve the mechanical and thermal properties of the blend while reducing environmental toxicity, allowing for a 60% reduction in ZnO concentration in rubber compounds and resulting in cost savings and a sustainable alternative to conventional ZnO.

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Pigments, Inorganic

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Unbiased, complete solar charging of a neutral flow battery by a single Si photocathode

Unbiased, complete solar charging of a neutral flow battery by a single Si photocathode

Comparative study of titanium dioxide to improve the quality of finished cosmetic products

Influence of active, nano, and functionalized zinc oxide particles on the mechanical, cytotoxicity, and thermal stability of carbon black filled SBR/NR blends

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