PIK3CA, KRAS, and BRAF mutations in intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm/carcinoma (IPMN/C) of the pancreas

Abstract

This data is the first report of PIK3CA mutation in pancreatic cancer and it appears to be the first oncogene to be mutated in IPMN/IPMC but not in conventional ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreas. Our data provide evidence that PIK3CA and BRAF contribute to the tumorigenesis of IPMN/IPMC, but at a lower frequency than KRAS.

Updates and Critical Evaluation on Novel Biomarkers for the Malignant Progression of Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms of the Pancreas

“…It is often associated with mutation at the codon 13 (1,28). Studies do not agree on the frequency of mutations of the KRAS gene as it is ranged from 38.2-100% (29,30). It is possible that this wide range is correlated to better definition of the lesions.…”

“…It is a compound that participates at the RAS/ MAPK pathway, which is very important for the regulation of pivotal cellular functions (38). BRAF is one of the three isoforms of Raf, that is the starting molecule of the kinase cascade (30). It is located on chromosome arm 7q.…”

Oncogenesis and the Clinical Significance of K-ras in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma

“…PIK3CA mutation in pancreatic cancer appears to be the first oncogene to be mutated in IPMN/IPMC but not in conventional ductal denocarcinoma of the pancreas. And PIK3CA and BRAF contribute to the tumorigenesis of IPMN/IPMC, but at a lower frequency than KRAS (Schonleben et al, 2008). Even in the absence of mutations, the PI3K/AKT pathway is constitutively active in the majority of pancreatic cancers.…”

Characterization of the Molecular Genetic Mechanisms that Contribute to Pancreatic Cancer Carcinogenesis

“…Telomere shortening is found in approximately 90% of PanIN-1 lesions and may contribute to global chromosomal abnormalities in PanINs (van et al, 2002). Inactivating mutations of CDKN2A/p16 begin to occur in PanIN-2 lesions, whereas inactivation of TP53, SMAD4/DPC4, and BRCA2 are generally associated with higher-grade PanIN lesions (PanIN-3) (Schonleben et al, 2008).…”