“…The applicability in solving geotechnical engineering problems of the cavity expansion method has been widely verified by cone penetration test and pressuremeter test [3,14,22,27,37], pile driven process [17,32,33,36,46], analysis of pile foundation bearing capacity [6,15,23,35], and underground excavation [25,26,28,39,47]. During the development of cavity expansion theory in engineering, two critical challenges must be addressed: the choice of solution techniques and the selection of an appropriate constitutive model for soils.…”