Pilot Investigation of the Circadian Plasma Melatonin Rhythm across the Menstrual Cycle in a Small Group of Women with Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder

Shechter, Ari; Lespérance, Paul; Kin, N. M. K. Ng Ying; Boivin, Diane B.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0051929

Cited by 33 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…A single‐harmonic regression was used to assess rhythms of plasma cortisol and clock gene expression with the fitted phase corresponding to the time of maximal expression (1, 2, 9). For plasma melatonin, time of fitted maximum (phase) and amplitude were assessed using a 3‐harmonic regression (24). We calculated the composite phase via a manual process using fitted amplitude and phase values from the 3 harmonics (6, 12, and 24 h periods), followed by a bootstrap strategy (1000 repetitions).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glucocorticoids entrain molecular clock components in human peripheral cells

2014

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In humans, shift work induces a desynchronization between the circadian system and the outside world, which contributes to shift work-associated medical disorders. Using a simulated night shift experiment, we previously showed that 3 d of bright light at night fully synchronize the central clock to the inverted sleep schedule, whereas the peripheral clocks located in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) took longer to reset. This underlines the need for testing the effects of synchronizers on both the central and peripheral clocks. Glucocorticoids display circadian rhythms controlled by the central clock and are thought to act as synchronizers of rodent peripheral clocks. In the present study, we tested whether the human central and peripheral clocks were sensitive to exogenous glucocorticoids (Cortef) administered in the late afternoon. We showed that 20 mg Cortef taken orally acutely increased PER1 expression in PBMC peripheral clocks. After 6 d of Cortef administration, the phases of central markers were not affected, whereas those of PER2-3 and BMAL1 expression in PBMCs were shifted by ∼ 9.5-11.5 h. These results demonstrate, for the first time, that human peripheral clocks are entrained by glucocorticoids. Importantly, they suggest innovative interventions for shift workers and jet-lag travelers, combining synchronizing agents for the central and peripheral clocks.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glucocorticoids entrain molecular clock components in human peripheral cells

2014

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“…Cross reaction with N‐acetyl serotonin was 1% and 0.07% for 5‐methoxy tryptamine. A study using this assay reported daytime levels of approximately 5 pg/mL and 10 pg/mL …”

Section: Melatonin Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

A critical review of melatonin assays: Past and present

Kennaway

2019

Journal of Pineal Research

110

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There has been increased interest in the measurement of melatonin in plasma and saliva recently either as a marker of circadian phase or to understand the physiological role of melatonin. For both situations, there is a need for a specific assay for melatonin that is sensitive enough to detect low concentrations (<2 pg/mL). Since the mid‐1970s, there have been many assays developed to measure melatonin in blood and saliva. Radioimmunoassays and ELISA have predominated because of their relative simplicity and high throughput. In this review, I show that the early radioimmunoassays while providing valuable information about nocturnal melatonin levels in humans, generally produced inaccurate basal (daytime) levels. Mass spectrometry assays, however, have provided us with the target values that immunoassays need to achieve, that is, daytime plasma melatonin levels <1 pg/mL. There are now many contemporary commercial assays available utilising both RIA and ELISA technologies, but not all achieve the standards set by the mass spectrometry assays. The performance of these assays is reviewed. I conclude with recommendations on issues researchers need to consider when conducting melatonin studies, including the importance of time of day of collection, validation of assays, the potential causes of poor assay specificity at low levels, the advantages/disadvantages of using saliva vs plasma and extraction assays vs direct assays, kit manufacturers responsibilities and the reporting requirements when publishing melatonin studies.

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“…For plasma melatonin, time of fitted maximum (phase) and amplitude were assessed using a three-harmonic regression (35,47). We calculated the composite phase via a manual process using fitted amplitude and phase values from the three harmonics (6-, 12-, and 24-h periods), followed by a bootstrap strategy (1000 repetitions) to calculate the SEM (35,48).…”

Section: Surface Staining Of Monocytes T Lymphocytes and Plateletsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulated Night Shift Disrupts Circadian Rhythms of Immune Functions in Humans

Cuesta

Boudreau

Dubeau-Laramée

et al. 2016

The Journal of Immunology

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112

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Recent research unveiled a circadian regulation of the immune system in rodents, yet little is known about rhythms of immune functions in humans and how they are affected by circadian disruption. In this study, we assessed rhythms of cytokine secretion by immune cells and tested their response to simulated night shifts. PBMCs were collected from nine participants kept in constant posture over 24 h under a day-oriented schedule (baseline) and after 3 d under a night-oriented schedule. Monocytes and T lymphocytes were stimulated with LPS and PHA, respectively. At baseline, a bimodal rhythmic secretion was detected for IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α: a night peak was primarily due to a higher responsiveness of monocytes, and a day peak was partly due to a higher proportion of monocytes. A rhythmic release was also observed for IL-2 and IFN-γ, with a nighttime peak due to a higher cell count and responsiveness of T lymphocytes. Following night shifts, with the exception of IL-2, cytokine secretion was still rhythmic but with peak levels phase advanced by 4.5–6 h, whereas the rhythm in monocyte and T lymphocyte numbers was not shifted. This suggests distinct mechanisms of regulation between responsiveness to stimuli and cell numbers of the human immune system. Under a night-oriented schedule, only cytokine release was partly shifted in response to the change in the sleep–wake cycle. This led to a desynchronization of rhythmic immune parameters, which might contribute to the increased risk for infection, autoimmune diseases, cardiovascular and metabolic disorders, and cancer reported in shift workers.

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Pilot Investigation of the Circadian Plasma Melatonin Rhythm across the Menstrual Cycle in a Small Group of Women with Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder

Cited by 33 publications

References 56 publications

Glucocorticoids entrain molecular clock components in human peripheral cells

Glucocorticoids entrain molecular clock components in human peripheral cells

A critical review of melatonin assays: Past and present

Simulated Night Shift Disrupts Circadian Rhythms of Immune Functions in Humans

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