Pilot Monitoring of Antimicrobial Residues in Chicken and Porkin Vietnam

Abstract

Antibiotic residues in consumer foods pose a threat to human health and contribute to increasing antimicrobial resistance. The study was conducted from January to July 2019 in six provinces in Viet Nam. In total, 360 pork samples and 360 chicken meat samples were collected for analysis. The samples were first screened with an ELISA test kit for residues in the beta-lactam, tetracycline and sulfonamide groups. All positive and suspected positive samples were confirmed by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) to determine the concentration of ampicillin, amoxicillin, sulfamethazine, sulfaquinoxaline, oxytetracycline and doxycycline residues. The final confirmed result showed that 13 (3.6%); 99 (27.5%) and 16 (4.4%) chicken samples and 13 (3.6%); 29 (8.1%) and 29 (8.1%) of pork samples were positive or suspected positive with β-lactam; tetracycline and sulfonamide residues respectively. The LC/MS/MS method detected amoxicillin (8.1 - 151.6 ng/g), ampicillin residues (1.9 – 7.5 ng/g), doxycycline (1.1 – 491.1 ng/g), oxytetracycline (1.1 – 12.9 ng/g), sulfaquinoxaline (1.1 – 7.3 ng/g) and sulfamethazine (1.0 – 1556.5 ng/g) in positive or suspected positive pork and chicken meat samples. Tetracycline (18%) was the most frequently found residue followed by sulfonamide(6%). Proportion of chicken samples with residue level higher than MRL (3%) and level of tetracycline residue were significantly higher than pork (1%). Significantly higher proportion of samples with residue level higher than MRL (4%) and the highest level of tetracycline residue were observed in the North. This data can help to motivate decision making towards lowering the use of antimicrobials in livestock and antibiotic residue in livestock products.

Reducing antimicrobial use in chicken production in Vietnam: Exploring the systemic dimension of change

“…Low levels of regulation in the food supply chain are common in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) [52], including Vietnam [53], and this is a driver of ABR in LMICs [54]. Thus, residues can be found in meat, as reported by our respondents and other studies [55,56] that can lead to negative consequences on human health [57]. One solution to reduce ABU could be to develop a more controlled traditional market with better valorization for chickens raised with lower ABU.…”

Antimicrobial Residues in Food from Animal Origin—A Review of the Literature Focusing on Products Collected in Stores and Markets Worldwide

“…For a clearer evaluation, all studies with salmon, other fish from aquaculture, and shrimp were combined as seafood in the evaluation, as can be seen in Figure 2 . Cattle [ 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ], Eggs [ 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 ], Milk [ 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 ], Pork [ 58 , 59 , 60 ], Poultry [ 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 ,…”

“…The data from the combined papers were divided For a clearer evaluation, all studies with salmon, other fish from aquaculture, and shrimp were combined as seafood in the evaluation, as can be seen in Figure 2. Cattle [17][18][19][20][21][22], Eggs [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30], Milk , Pork [58][59][60], Poultry [58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67], Sheep [68] and seafood [58,[69][70][71][72][73][74][75][76][77][78][79][80][81][82][83]. Combined analysis of more than one animal product was very common for pork, poultry, and seafood [63,[84][85]…”

Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices Regarding Antibiotic Use and Antibiotic Resistance: A Latent Class Analysis of a Romanian Population

“…Meat seems to be, by far, the most contaminated animal product with antibiotic residues [ 7 ]. The presence of antibiotics has been reported in poultry meat [ 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ], pork [ 10 , 13 ] and most commonly in beef [ 8 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ]. The contamination of milk [ 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ], fish and seafood [ 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ], and even eggs [ 29 , 30 , 31 ], with antibiotic residues has also been reported in numerous studies.…”