Pilot Performance and Stress

Stokes, Alan F.; Kite, Kirsten

doi:10.4324/9781315092898-21

Cited by 13 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…Pilots are required to perform multiple tasks such as controlling the aircraft trajectory, monitoring the flight parameters, performing check-lists, communicating with air traffic controllers, identifying potential threats (collision, failures and bad weather conditions) and potentially adapting the flight plan. The management of these multiple tasks can drastically increase workload [2,3,4] that in return may have a deleterious effect on their performance. Indeed, mental overload can alter visual [5] and auditory [6,7] attention, working memory abilities [8], the execution of actions [9], and lead to poor decision making [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring Pilot’s Mental Workload Using ERPs and Spectral Power with a Six-Dry-Electrode EEG System in Real Flight Conditions

Dehais

Duprès

Blum

et al. 2019

Sensors

132

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Recent technological progress has allowed the development of low-cost and highly portable brain sensors such as pre-amplified dry-electrodes to measure cognitive activity out of the laboratory. This technology opens promising perspectives to monitor the “brain at work” in complex real-life situations such as while operating aircraft. However, there is a need to benchmark these sensors in real operational conditions. We therefore designed a scenario in which twenty-two pilots equipped with a six-dry-electrode EEG system had to perform one low load and one high load traffic pattern along with a passive auditory oddball. In the low load condition, the participants were monitoring the flight handled by a flight instructor, whereas they were flying the aircraft in the high load condition. At the group level, statistical analyses disclosed higher P300 amplitude for the auditory target (Pz, P4 and Oz electrodes) along with higher alpha band power (Pz electrode), and higher theta band power (Oz electrode) in the low load condition as compared to the high load one. Single trial classification accuracy using both event-related potentials and event-related frequency features at the same time did not exceed chance level to discriminate the two load conditions. However, when considering only the frequency features computed over the continuous signal, classification accuracy reached around 70% on average. This study demonstrates the potential of dry-EEG to monitor cognition in a highly ecological and noisy environment, but also reveals that hardware improvement is still needed before it can be used for everyday flight operations.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring Pilot’s Mental Workload Using ERPs and Spectral Power with a Six-Dry-Electrode EEG System in Real Flight Conditions

Dehais

Duprès

Blum

et al. 2019

Sensors

132

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The potential for trait anxiety to impact on-call tolerance reflects the current understanding of shift work tolerance [ 13 , 16 ], in addition to research outside of non-standard working arrangements. Higher trait anxiety is associated with a reduced ability to manage stressful situations [ 17 ], including work stressors [ 18 ] and even large-scale natural disasters [ 19 ]. In addition, individuals with higher trait anxiety may be more reactive to stressful situations and, as such, when faced with a stressor, may have a heightened state anxiety response [ 17 , 20 , 21 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, individuals with higher trait anxiety may be more reactive to stressful situations and, as such, when faced with a stressor, may have a heightened state anxiety response [ 17 , 20 , 21 ]. Indeed, Stokes and Kite [ 18 ] note that “the trait anxious person is more likely to perceive a given situation as threatening, and to react to this apparent threat with higher levels of state anxiety” (p. 25). As such, higher levels of trait anxiety may be associated with greater state anxiety during on-call periods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are Individuals with Low Trait Anxiety Better Suited to On-Call Work?

et al. 2020

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Research has indicated that individuals with certain traits may be better suited to shiftwork and non-standard working arrangements. However, no research has investigated how individual differences impact on-call outcomes. As such, this study investigated the impact of trait anxiety on sleep and performance outcomes on-call. Seventy male participants (20–35 years) completed an adaptation night, a control night, and two on-call nights in a laboratory. Trait anxiety was determined using the State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) X-2, and participants completed the STAI X-1 prior to bed each night to assess state anxiety. Sleep was measured using polysomnography and quantitative electroencephalographic analysis. Performance was assessed using a 10-min psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) performed each day at 0930, 1200, 1430 and 1700 h. Data pooled from three separate but inter-related studies was used for these analyses. Results indicated that the effects of trait anxiety on state anxiety, sleep and performance outcomes on-call were generally limited. These findings suggest that on-call outcomes are not negatively affected by higher levels of trait anxiety.

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“…Conducting casualty care in combat is the epitome of teams operating in ICE environments (Goodwin et al, 2018; Power, 2018). Becoming distracted when casualties occur on the battlefield can have catastrophic consequences, as decision making, information processing, attention, and situational awareness are impaired (Stokes and Kite, 1994). When a casualty occurs, the Army medic or Navy Corpsman may not be able to immediately respond, so instead another squad member closer to the injured may react more quickly as a first responder.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Team Training Field Research Study: Extending a Theory of Team Development

et al. 2019

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Recent advances in the science of teams have provided much insight into the important attitudes (e.g., team cohesion and efficacy), cognitions (e.g., shared team cognition), and behaviors (e.g., teamwork communications) of high performing teams and how these competencies emerge as team members interact, and appropriate measurement methods for tracking development. Numerous training interventions have been found to effectively improve these competencies, and more recently have begun addressing the problem of team dynamics. Team science researchers have increasingly called for more field studies to better understand training and team development processes in the wild and to advance the theory of team development. In addition to the difficulty of gaining access to teams that operate in isolated, confined, and extreme environments (ICE), a major practical challenge for trainers of ICE teams whose schedules are already strained is the need to prioritize the most effective strategies to optimize the time available for implementation. To address these challenges, we describe an applied research experiment that developed and evaluated an integrated team training approach to improve Tactical Combat Casualty (TC3) skills in U.S. Army squads. Findings showed that employing effective team training best practices improved learning, team cognition, emergent team processes, and performance. We recommend future research should focus on understanding the types of training strategies needed to enable teams and team leaders to develop from novices to experts. Effectively modifying training to scale it to team expertise requires more research. More laboratory and field research is needed to further develop measures of team knowledge emergence for complex task domains, and include other potential emergent factors such as team leadership and resilience. Practical implications for research include developing automated tools and technologies needed to implement training and collect team data, and employ more sensitive indicators (e.g., behavioral markers) of team attitudes, cognitions and behaviors to model the dynamics of how they naturally change over time. These tools are critical to understanding the dynamics of team development and to implement interventions that more effectively support teams as they develop over time.

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Pilot Performance and Stress

Cited by 13 publications

References 0 publications

Monitoring Pilot’s Mental Workload Using ERPs and Spectral Power with a Six-Dry-Electrode EEG System in Real Flight Conditions

Monitoring Pilot’s Mental Workload Using ERPs and Spectral Power with a Six-Dry-Electrode EEG System in Real Flight Conditions

Are Individuals with Low Trait Anxiety Better Suited to On-Call Work?

A Team Training Field Research Study: Extending a Theory of Team Development

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