Pilot-Scale Investigation on a Spraying Pretreatment Process Integrated with an Axial Flow Cyclone to Separate Fine Particles with Low Energy Consumption

Abstract

This study was designed to explore the synergistic enhancement of the spraying pretreatment section and axial flow cyclone on the separation of particles from gases. First, in the spraying pretreatment section, the effects of the gas flow rate, droplet flow rate, droplet diameter, and gas or droplet temperature on the collection efficiency of the particles and the supersaturation degree were analyzed. Then, the nucleation and growth process of fine insoluble particles were discussed. At last, combined with an axial flow cyclone, the influences of operating parameters on the separation efficiency and energy consumption were presented. Our results show that the spraying pretreatment can capture 80% of particles larger than 5 μm and can maintain a supersaturated environment. Fine particles (PM1.0) will be aggregated to above 6 μm quickly and removed in the axial flow cyclone with a separation efficiency of above 98%. In addition, the energy consumption of the integrated purification process in this study is reduced by 20.65%, on average, compared to that of an electrostatic precipitator. These findings provide new insights into the separation of fine particles in industrial applications.

Cu–Ce Bimetallic Oxide Catalyst Regulates the Intermolecular Hydrogen Transfer Reaction of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural

“…5,6 Furthermore, HMF can be sequentially oxidized to 2,5-diformylfuran (DFF), a monomer for furan-based biopolymers and an intermediate for drugs, antimicrobials, and ligands. 7−9 The catalytic synthesis of DFF and DHMF from HMF typically necessitates an external source of either an oxidant (H 2 O 2 /O 2 ) 10,11 or a hydrogen donor (H 2 /ethanol), 12,13 with most reactions requiring high temperatures and pressures. This aspect of redox reactions involving HMF poses significant risks and environmental concerns, failing to align with the principles of green chemistry.…”

“…This mechanism enables the safe and efficient utilization of hydrogen atoms through the intermolecular hydrogen transfer reaction, necessitating a bifunctional catalyst capable of facilitating both hydrogenation and dehydrogenation. According to the literature, precious metals such as Ru, 15 Pd, 16 and Pt 13 are commonly employed as catalysts in aldehyde catalytic transfer hydrogenation processes, demonstrating superior catalytic activity. Nonprecious metals, including Co, 17 Fe, 16 Ni, 18 and Cu, 19 also exhibit high activity in these reactions.…”

“…The catalytic synthesis of DFF and DHMF from HMF typically necessitates an external source of either an oxidant (H 2 O 2 /O 2 ) , or a hydrogen donor (H 2 /ethanol), , with most reactions requiring high temperatures and pressures. This aspect of redox reactions involving HMF poses significant risks and environmental concerns, failing to align with the principles of green chemistry.…”