Pilot-scale multi-stage multi-feeding continuous ethanol fermentation using non-sterile cane molasses

Effect of nutrient limitation and two-stage continuous fermentor design on productivities during “Clostridium ragsdalei” syngas fermentation

“…doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2011.03.020 fermentation (Gaddy et al, 2007;Jain et al, 1993). Multi-stage fermentors were shown to have a higher ethanol productivity compared to single stage bioreactors in Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation (Chen, 1990). Multi-stage fermentor systems with cell recycling were observed to be advantageous compared to cell immobilization techniques due to improved diffusion and total recycling of microorganisms creating a homogenous fermentation broth (Tashiro et al, 2005).…”

Effect of recycled laboratory backset on fermentation of wheat mashes

“…These lead to physical and chemical imbalances in the fermentor and reductions in growth and fermentation rate in both batch and continuous systems. For example, Chen (1990) found that backsetting at levels exceeding 20 % resulted in inhibition of yeast growth. Tajima et al (1966) reported that salt tolerance of yeast during alcoholic fermentation is one of the most important factors to consider, particularly when the substrate in use contains high quantities of inorganic salts.…”