Pilot-scale removal and recovery of dissolved phosphate from secondary wastewater effluents with reusable ZnFeZr adsorbent @ Fe 3 O 4 /SiO 2 particles with magnetic harvesting

Nanostructured ZnFeZr oxyhydroxide precipitate as efficient phosphate adsorber in waste water: understanding the role of different material-building-blocks

“…Since the adsorber material can be used in several adsorption-desorption cycles where phosphate is accumulated in a desorption solution, significant amounts of Fe should be found in this solution if such a precipitation was the reason for the phosphate uptake at the adsorber site. As our previous work showed that there is no significant accumulation of Fe in the desorption solution, 25 a precipitation of a metal phosphate is unlikely to take place.…”

“…† The findings are in line with previous work done by us on the standard adsorber material and related structures and the kinetics modelling is discussed in more detail there. 24,25 A comparison of the different curves reveals the influence of the employed metal salts. Starting from the standard sample 1, a decrease of zinc (sample 2) increases the phosphate uptake, whereas an increase of zinc (sample 3) decreases the phosphate uptake.…”

“…This is not studied herein, however, it was exhaustively examined and discussed in other previous work by us. 24,25 A comparison of sample 1 with sample 8 (the sample that has the same composition as sample 1 but as a result of post-precipitation mixing and not simultaneous co-precipitation) reveals a significantly higher phosphate uptake for sample 1. Thus, the interconnected nanocomposite structure of crystalline and amorphous material, as it occurs by coprecipitation of all three metal cations, is crucial for better phosphate adsorption.…”

“…We also succeeded in depositing the material on magnetic carrier particles. 25 Removal and recovery of the adsorber by the aid of magnetic particles via magnetic separation is an elegant approach, replacing classical techniques such as the time consuming and discontinuous filtration. The adsorber material proved empirically its high potential during numerous repetitions of P adsorption and desorption in laboratory and pilot scale.…”

Adsorber Particles with Magnetically‐Supported Improved Electrochemical Conversion Behavior for Waste Water Treatment Processes

“…A promising option to cope with this challenge is to employ magnetic particles. In the recent years, it was successfully demonstrated that magnetic particles are suitable carriers for spatially steerable adsorber materials, or photocatalysts . Typically, the processes involve the dispersion of the particles in the target fluid and the subsequent magnetic collection after the completion of the required task (for instance, adsorption of target substances formerly dissolved in the water).…”