Pilot Sleep in Long-Range and Ultra-Long-Range Commercial Flights

Lamp, Amanda; McCullough, David; Chen, Jane M.C.; Brown, Rachelle E; Belenky, Gregory

doi:10.3357/amhp.5117.2019

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Total time slept in the 24h prior to the inbound flight was highest when the layover included a full domicile night-time period, indicating that circadian end-time of the layover was a key determinant of fatigue at duty start time ( Cosgrave et al, 2018 ). Additionally, social cues may lead to a start of acclimation to local timing during layovers, leading to shifts in sleeping patterns ( Kandelaars et al, 2006 ; Lamp et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Preventive Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatigue in Aviation: Safety Risks, Preventive Strategies and Pharmacological Interventions

Wingelaar-Jagt

Wingelaar²,

Riedel

et al. 2021

Front. Physiol.

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Fatigue poses an important safety risk to civil and military aviation. In addition to decreasing performance in-flight (chronic) fatigue has negative long-term health effects. Possible causes of fatigue include sleep loss, extended time awake, circadian phase irregularities and work load. Despite regulations limiting flight time and enabling optimal rostering, fatigue cannot be prevented completely. Especially in military operations, where limits may be extended due to operational necessities, it is impossible to rely solely on regulations to prevent fatigue. Fatigue management, consisting of preventive strategies and operational countermeasures, such as pre-flight naps and pharmaceuticals that either promote adequate sleep (hypnotics or chronobiotics) or enhance performance (stimulants), may be required to mitigate fatigue in challenging (military) aviation operations. This review describes the pathophysiology, epidemiology and effects of fatigue and its impact on aviation, as well as several aspects of fatigue management and recommendations for future research in this field.

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Section: Preventive Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatigue in Aviation: Safety Risks, Preventive Strategies and Pharmacological Interventions

Wingelaar-Jagt

Wingelaar²,

Riedel

et al. 2021

Front. Physiol.

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“…We also noticed that the outbound TST was longer for the six- and eight-person groups than the inbound journey, whereas the four-person group experienced the opposite. This might due to a combination of the pilots’ biorhythms and the takeoff time [ 12 ]. On the outbound flights, both the six- and eight-person crews left at night, and the time when they were allowed to rest aligned with the biological clock’s nocturnal sleep cycle.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Extended flight time (workday duration longer than 16 h) may lead to extended periods of wakefulness, greater acute sleep loss, or accumulating task fatigue time [ 11 ]. However, the avoidance of cross-time zone layovers prevents the crew from jet lag disrupting their biorhythms [ 12 ]. Theoretically, a larger crew size could receive a longer in-flight rest period, thus increasing their alertness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatigue during Long-Haul Flights of Different Crew Compositions under Exemption from Layover and Flight Time during COVID-19

Zhou

Zhang

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Pilot fatigue and alertness are critical for civil aviation safety. Intercontinental pilots are more prone to fatigue and sleepiness due to jet lag, prolonged workdays, and disrupted rhythms. The Civil Aviation Administration of China excused enlarged flight crews from mandatory layovers and reimposed flight duration restrictions during COVID-19. This study investigates the sleep quality and attentional performance of pilots on intercontinental flights. The fifteen pilots who performed intercontinental flights in different crew compositions wore a body movement recorder, which has been proven to accurately estimate sleep duration and sleep efficiency. The crew’s attentional performance and self-report were monitored at specified flight phases. In conclusion, the larger crews slept longer and more efficiently on board, particularly pilots in charge of takeoff and landing responsibilities. Crews on four-pilot layover flights were more alert before the takeoff of the inbound flights than exempt flights, but there was no significant difference towards the end of the mission. The new long-haul flight organization did not result in fatigue or decreased attention in the pilots. This study expands on the research by validating a novel intercontinental flight operation model under the COVID-19 scenario and highlighting critical spots for future fatigue management in various crew compositions.

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“…The participants of the present study were civilian pilots who are required to perform considerable amounts of near work, such as reading a panel during a long-duration ight; thus, they are more likely to develop symptoms and signs related to ADs and/or BDs. In addition, lack of sleep [27], fatigue [28], and cervical symptoms [29] are also known to aggravate the problem [30]. Therefore, studying the prevalence of ADs and/or BDs among this speci c population is important for planning appropriate intervention.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Corneal Refractive Surgery on Accommodative and Binocular Dysfunctions Among Civilian Pilots in Southwest China

Zhang

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: To analyze whether corneal refractive surgery (CRS) is associated with the distribution of different accommodative dysfunctions (ADs) and binocular dysfunctions (BDs) in civilian pilots. A further aim was to analyze the percentages and visual symptoms associated with ADs and/or BDs in this population.Methods: One hundred and eight civilian pilots who underwent CRS from January 2001 to July 2012 (age range: 23-35 years) and 99 emmetropic civilian pilots (age range: 23-35 years) were included in this study. Visual symptoms, refractive status, accommodative and binocular tests of each subject were performed.Results: No significant difference was observed between the CRS and emmetropic groups in the overall prevalence of ADs and BDs (15.7% and 15.2% in the CRS and emmetropic groups, respectively; P=0.185). ADs were present in 4.63% and 3.03% of the CRS and emmetropic group, respectively. BDs were observed in 11.1% and 12.1% of the CRS and emmetropic group, respectively, yielding no significant differences between the groups in the prevalence of ADs or BDs (AD: P=0.094; BD: P=0.105). Pilots with ADs and/or BDs had significantly more visual symptoms than pilots with normal binocular vision (p < 0.001). Conclusions: CRS for civilian pilots with low-moderate myopia might not impact binocular functions. ADs and/or BDs commonly occur in both emmetropia pilots and pilots who undergo CRS, and pilots with ADs and/or BDs are associated with increased symptoms. This study confirms the importance of a full assessment of binocular visual functions in detecting and remedying these dysfunctions in this specific population.Trial registration number: ChiCTR1900027235 (date: 6 Nov 2019) Available at www.medresman.org

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Pilot Sleep in Long-Range and Ultra-Long-Range Commercial Flights

Cited by 15 publications

References 0 publications

Fatigue in Aviation: Safety Risks, Preventive Strategies and Pharmacological Interventions

Fatigue in Aviation: Safety Risks, Preventive Strategies and Pharmacological Interventions

Fatigue during Long-Haul Flights of Different Crew Compositions under Exemption from Layover and Flight Time during COVID-19

Effect of Corneal Refractive Surgery on Accommodative and Binocular Dysfunctions Among Civilian Pilots in Southwest China

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