Pilot studies evaluating the nongenotoxic rodent carcinogens phenobarbital and clofibrate in the rat Pig‐a assay

Abstract

The Pig‐a assay is an emerging and promising in vivo method to determine mutagenic potential of chemicals. Since its development in 2008, remarkable progress has been made in harmonizing and characterizing the test procedures, primarily using known mutagenic chemicals. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate specificity of the Pig‐a assay using two nongenotoxic and well‐characterized rodent liver carcinogens, phenobarbital and clofibrate, in male F344/DuCrl rats. Daily oral administration of phenobarbital or clofibrate at established hepatotoxic doses for 28 days resulted in substantial hepatic alterations, however, did not increase the frequency of Pig‐a mutation markers (RETCD59‐ and RBCCD59‐) compared to vehicle control or pre‐exposure (Day −5) mutant frequencies. These results are consistent with the existing literature on the nonmutagenic mode of action (MoA) of phenobarbital and clofibrate liver tumors. The present study contributes to the limited, but expanding evidence on the specificity of the Pig‐a assay and further for the investigations of carcinogenic MoAs, i.e., mutagenic or nonmutagenic potential of chemicals. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 60:42–46, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.