Pilot Study of Emotional Freedom Techniques, Wholistic Hybrid Derived From Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing and Emotional Freedom Technique, and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Treatment of Test Anxiety in University Students

Benor, Daniel J.; Ledger, Karen; Toussaint, Loren; Hett, Geoffrey G.; Zaccaro, Daniel

doi:10.1016/j.explore.2009.08.001

Cited by 31 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Both treatment groups significantly improved on standardized pre/post test-taking anxiety inventories in comparison to the control group. Another investigation of test-taking anxiety, a small pilot study using two standardized pre/post treatment inventories, showed acupoint tapping to attain in two sessions benefits that required five sessions of CBT (Benor, Ledger, Toussaint, Hett, & Zaccaro, 2009). …”

Section: Evidence By Conditionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acupoint Stimulation in Treating Psychological Disorders: Evidence of Efficacy

Feinstein

2012

Review of General Psychology

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Energy psychology is a clinical and self-help modality that combines verbal and physical procedures for effecting therapeutic change. While utilizing established clinical methods such as exposure and cognitive restructuring, the approach also incorporates concepts and techniques from non-Western healing systems. Its most frequently utilized protocols combine the stimulation of acupuncture points (by tapping on, holding, or massaging them) with the mental activation of a targeted psychological issue. Energy psychology has been controversial, in part due to its reliance on explanatory mechanisms that are outside of conventional clinical frameworks and in part because of claims by its early proponents-without adequate research support-of extraordinary speed and power in attaining positive clinical outcomes. This paper revisits some of the field's early claims, as well as current practices, and assesses them in the context of existing evidence. A literature search identified 51 peer-reviewed papers that report or investigate clinical outcomes following the tapping of acupuncture points to address psychological issues. The 18 randomized controlled trials in this sample were critically evaluated for design quality, leading to the conclusion that they consistently demonstrated strong effect sizes and other positive statistical results that far exceed chance after relatively few treatment sessions. Criteria for evidence-based treatments proposed by Division 12 of the American Psychological Association were also applied and found to be met for a number of conditions, including PTSD and depression. Neurological mechanisms that may be involved in these surprisingly strong findings are also considered.

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Section: Evidence By Conditionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acupoint Stimulation in Treating Psychological Disorders: Evidence of Efficacy

Feinstein

2012

Review of General Psychology

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“…In all these studies, participants maintained their improvements during follow-up periods of between 3 months and 2 years. RCTs of EFT for test anxiety in college students have also shown significant symptom improvements [14, 15]. The current study is unique in that, unlike the demographic profiles in other studies that have assessed depression, it examines the efficacy of EFT in an adolescent population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brief Group Intervention Using Emotional Freedom Techniques for Depression in College Students: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Church¹,

Asis

Brooks

2012

Depression Research and Treatment

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Two hundred thirty-eight first-year college students were assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Thirty students meeting the BDI criteria for moderate to severe depression were randomly assigned to either a treatment or control group. The treatment group received four 90-minute group sessions of EFT (Emotional Freedom Techniques), a novel treatment that combines exposure, cognitive reprocessing, and somatic stimulation. The control group received no treatment. Posttests were conducted 3 weeks later on those that completed all requirements (N = 18). The EFT group (n = 9) had significantly more depression at baseline than the control group (n = 9) (EFT BDI mean = 23.44, SD = 2.1 versus control BDI mean = 20.33, SD = 2.1). After controlling for baseline BDI score, the EFT group had significantly less depression than the control group at posttest, with a mean score in the “nondepressed” range (P = .001; EFT BDI mean = 6.08, SE = 1.8 versus control BDI mean = 18.04, SE = 1.8). Cohen's d was 2.28, indicating a very strong effect size. These results are consistent with those noted in other studies of EFT that included an assessment for depression and indicate the clinical usefulness of EFT as a brief, cost-effective, and efficacious treatment.

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“…리뷰논문을 제외한 최종 분석 대상으로 선정된 논 문은 총 19건으로 이 중 영어 논문이 9건이고 [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] , 국 SY Kim, CS Yin, IW Choi, JW Kim 91 내 논문이 10건이었다 [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] . 영어 논문은 무작위 대조 군 연구가 7건이었으며, 대조군 연구는 2건이었고 (Table 1), 국내 논문은 무작위 대조군 연구 4건, 대조 군 연구 1건, 단일 군 전후 비교 연구 1건과 증례 논문 4건이었다(Table 2).…”

Section: 논문의 경향성unclassified

“…범주에 속하는 질환으로 특정 공포증과 PTSD 등 총 7건이 있었고 6,[9][10][11]13,16,18) 기타로는 불면증 2건 15,19) , 우 울증 1건 8) , 통증 질환 2건 …”

Section: 임상 연구에서 가장 많이 연구된 것은 불안 장애unclassified

Trends of Meridian-Based Psychotherapy - Review of Researches on Emotional Freedom Technique (EFT)

Kim¹,

Yin²,

Choi³

et al. 2013

Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry

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Objectives :The purpose of this study is to investigate the researches about regarding Emotional Freedom Technique (EFT) and to understand the trends of Meridian-based Psychotherapy. Methods :Every article relevant to EFT was obtained from 'Pubmed' and Korean journal databases. Keywords used for searching included 'EFT' and 'Emotional freedom technique'. Results :1) 5 reviews, 11 randomized controlled trials, 3 controlled trials, 1 single group comparative study and 4 case studies were searched. 2) Anxiety disorders were most frequently studied with EFT. Other studies included insomnia, depression and pain symptoms. EFT interventions were attempted in many different protocols and assessed with various tools. 3) Review articles indicated that meridian-based psychotherapies, such as EFT, are based on the meridian theory of oriental medicine. They evaluate EFT positively for its effectiveness on psychiatric diseases. Conclusions :EFT is increasingly studied and used in clinical practice of various fields. Objective evaluation tools and standardized intervention protocols are needed for the development of a new guideline for EFT.

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Pilot Study of Emotional Freedom Techniques, Wholistic Hybrid Derived From Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing and Emotional Freedom Technique, and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Treatment of Test Anxiety in University Students

Cited by 31 publications

References 8 publications

Acupoint Stimulation in Treating Psychological Disorders: Evidence of Efficacy

Acupoint Stimulation in Treating Psychological Disorders: Evidence of Efficacy

Brief Group Intervention Using Emotional Freedom Techniques for Depression in College Students: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Trends of Meridian-Based Psychotherapy - Review of Researches on Emotional Freedom Technique (EFT)

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