Pilot study on benefits of applying a hot towel for 10 s to the skin of elderly nursing home residents during bed baths: Towards safe and comfortable bed baths

Preliminary Study on the Effectiveness of Different Durations of Hot Towel Application to the Back during Bed Bathing

“…Our findings do not agree with those of Shishido and Yano [2] who did not report a significant difference in subjective comfort or increase in skin temperature for bed bathing with and without AHT application to the palmar surface of the forearm in elderly individuals. These differences between our findings and those of Shishido and Yano are likely to be related to the surface area of skin exposed to the hot towel.…”

“…For the second objective of evaluating differences in skin surface temperature and subjective comfort for hot towel application (AHT 10-s) on the back and dry towel wiping only, we recruited 20 healthy students (11 men and 10 women) university students, ≥21-years-old, who had no prior experience with bed bathing. For both experiments, participants were encouraged to have a [2]. Considering the possibility of dropout, 20 individuals were recruited for each experiment, A and B.…”

“…Shishido and Yano [2] reported that a 10-s application of a hot towel to the palmar surface of the forearm in elderly individuals maintained skin barrier function, as well as providing "warmth" and a "very pleasant". Without this application, the temperature of the surface of the skin was lower and the skin barrier function impaired.…”

Combination of minimum wiping pressure and number of wipings that can remove pseudo‐skin dirt: A digital image color analysis

“…Cotton washcloths (size: approximately 35.0 × 34.0 cm; weight: 38.0 g) were prepared for each wiping in accordance with a previous study . Prior to wiping, the washcloths were saturated with water, wrung out until reaching a final weight of 88.0 ± 2.0 g, and folded into eight equal parts (10.0 × 15.0 cm).…”

“…The measurement of TEWL is based on the evaluation of the water vapor pressure gradient immediately above the skin surface. The measurements, expressed in g/m 2 /h, were carried out continuously for 30 seconds, and the average value was used …”