Pilot Study Results to Convert Oil Field Produced Water to Drinking Water or Reuse Quality

Doran, Glenn; Williams, Kimberly L.; Drago, Joseph A.; Huang, Sunny; Leong, Lawrence Y.C.

doi:10.2118/54110-ms

Cited by 8 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Several pilot projects have demonstrated the use of reverse osmosis to convert oilfield produced water into freshwater for agricultural and potable use (Tao et al 1993;Doran et al 1998). Tao et al (1993) described a pilot project (flow rate = 27 m 3 /d) for the conversion of oilfield brine with a TDS of~6800 mg/L into drinking water with a treatment process consisting of dissolved air flotation (oil), liming (clarification), pH adjustment to 10.5-11 to prevent precipitation of oil, filtration, ion exchange, and reverse osmosis.…”

Section: Reverse Osmosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Elsewhere in the oil industry, concerns over the treatment and disposal of produced water have led operators to consider treatment options such as demineralization to reduce brine disposal volume (Hayes and Arthur 2004), detox-ification for environmental discharge (Murray-Gulde et al 2003), and reclamation for industrial, agricultural, or potable reuse (Tao et al 1993, Doran et al 1998). For example, treatment and discharge of process water could offset freshwater consumption, or support wet landscape reclamation efforts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Process water treatment in Canada’s oil sands industry: II. A review of emerging technologies

Allen

2008

Journal of Environmental Engineering and Science

170

131

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Canada's oil sands industry uses large volumes of freshwater to extract bitumen from surface-mined ore. With oil production expected to increase 3-fold over the next decade, process water treatment has become a critical issue for oil sands operators, both in terms of sustaining bitumen recovery and protecting freshwater resources. To identify candidate treatment technologies, a review was conducted on the state-of-the-art of water treatment in the oil industry. Significant developments include (i) chemical modifications to adsorbents and membranes to improve pollutant removal and reduce fouling; (ii) hybridization of adsorbent, membrane, and bioreactor technologies to enhance the biological treatment of toxic feedwaters; (iii) advances in photocatalytic oxidation of organic compounds; and (iv) implementation of large-scale treatment wetlands to treat hydrocarbon-contaminated wastewaters. In adapting treatment technologies to the oil sands, operators will need to consider the fouling potential of bitumen and fine clays, the effect of process water alkalinity on treatment performance, and the biodegradability of toxic organic compounds.Résumé : L'industrie des sables bitumineux au Canada utilise d'importants volumes d'eau douce afin d'extraire le bitume du minerai prélevé en surface. En considérant que la production de pétrole devrait tripler au cours de la prochaine décennie, le traitement de l'eau de procédé devient une préoccupation cruciale pour les exploitants des sables bitumineux en termes de récupération durable du pétrole et de la protection des ressources en eau douce. Afin d'identifier des technologies de traitement potentielles, un examen de l'état des connaissances sur le traitement des eaux a été réalisé pour l'industrie du pétrole. Les développements importants comprennent : (i) des modifications chimiques aux adsorbants et aux membranes afin d'améliorer l'élimination des polluants et réduire le colmatage; (ii) l'hybridation de l'adsorbant, la membrane et les technologies des bioréacteurs afin d'améliorer le traitement biologique des eaux d'entrée toxiques; (iii) des progrès dans l'oxydation photocatalytique des composés organiques; et (iv) l'implantation de marécages de traitement à grande échelle afin de traiter les eaux usées contaminées par les hydrocarbures. En adoptant ces technologies de traitement aux sables bitumineux, les exploitants devront tenir compte du potentiel de colmatage du bitume et des argiles fines, de l'effet de l'alcalinité de l'eau de procédé sur le rendement du traitement, ainsi que de la biodégradabilité des composés organiques toxiques.

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Section: Reverse Osmosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Process water treatment in Canada’s oil sands industry: II. A review of emerging technologies

Allen

2008

Journal of Environmental Engineering and Science

170

131

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“…If the applied pressure is in excess of the solution's inherent osmotic pressure, the solvent will flow through the membrane to form a dilute solution on the opposite side of the membrane and a more concentrated solution on the side where the pressure is applied [10]. Membrane separation and nano-filtration can be effectively used for removal of solid from produced water and for decreasing the concentrations of many of the associated organics and inorganics [12][13][14][15][16]. However, without a pretreatment step such as flocculation, many organics and inorganics with low molecular weight are not effectively removed by physical method and additional treatment of the produced water may be necessary to meet a designated reuse [17][18][19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical pilot-scale plant for oil field produced wastewater by M/C/Fe electrodes for injection

Wang

2006

Journal of Hazardous Materials

104

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“…Freire, Cammarota, and Sant' Anna Jr. (2001), Myers et al (2001), andNeff (2002) emphasized that PW varies widely in chemical composition; hence one should be cautious when comparing results of toxicity between freshwater and marine organisms. For instance, the oil & grease content of the PW used in this study (120 mg L −1 ) was intermediate among other studies, which ranged from 11 to 283 mg L −1 (Doran et al, 1998;Utvik, 1999;Freire, Cammarota, and Sant' Anna Jr., 2001;Myers et al, 2001;Campos et al, 2002;Lu et al, 2006). Although being different pollutants, PW and crude oil are products of the oil extraction process and thus contain many similar constituents.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

SURVIVAL AND GROWTH OF THE DOMINANT SALT MARSH GRASSSPARTINA ALTERNIFLORAIN AN OIL INDUSTRY SALINE WASTEWATER

Neto

Costa

2009

International Journal of Phytoremediation

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Saline oil produced water (PW) is the largest wastewater stream in the oil exploration and production processes. Although eventual disposal of PW into shallow coastal waters occurs nearby coastal wetlands, no studies regarding its toxicity to higher plants were found in our literature review. To fill this knowledge gap and evaluate the potential use of this halophyte for PW phytoremediation the salt marsh grass Spartina alterniflora was grown in five PW concentrations and no PW treatment control for seven weeks. The oil & grease, NaCl, and ammonium (N-NH4+) concentrations in the PW were 120 mg L(-1), 30 g L(-1), and 381 mg L(-1), respectively. Plants grown in 30% PW and 10% PW achieved survival rates (75%) significantly higher than plants grown in 100% PW (35% survival). LT50 of S. alterniflora to raw PW with 120 mg L(-1) of oil & grease (100% PW) was estimated at 30 days. Root and sprout biomass were significantly stimulated by PW; plants grown in 10% to 50% PW concentrations were 70-300% more productive than those in control, 80% PW and 100% PW, respectively. No significant inhibitory effects on survival or growth were detected for concentrations of PW less than 80% when compared to control. Our results pointed out that S. alterniflora grows in saline oil PW and its potential use to phytoremediate this effluent should be evaluated.

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Pilot Study Results to Convert Oil Field Produced Water to Drinking Water or Reuse Quality

Abstract: This paper was prepared for presentation at the 1999 SPE International Thermal Operations and Heavy Oil Symposium held in Bakersfield, California,17–19 March 1999.

Cited by 8 publications

References 3 publications

Process water treatment in Canada’s oil sands industry: II. A review of emerging technologies

Process water treatment in Canada’s oil sands industry: II. A review of emerging technologies

Electrochemical pilot-scale plant for oil field produced wastewater by M/C/Fe electrodes for injection

SURVIVAL AND GROWTH OF THE DOMINANT SALT MARSH GRASSSPARTINA ALTERNIFLORAIN AN OIL INDUSTRY SALINE WASTEWATER

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