Pilot testing and numerical simulations of the multifuel burner for the cement kiln

Techno-Economic Analysis of Cement Decarbonization Techniques: Oxygen Enrichment vs. Hydrogen Fuel

“…Using only H 2 and other alternative fuels, especially those with high energy content, like SRFs, could allow for a net-zero fuel mix. However, since this fuel type has a higher moisture content and varying composition, it could require a higher H 2 content to reach similar burning conditions to coal [29]. Still, removing the process emissions associated with burning fossil fuels would be a significant step in decarbonizing this sector.…”

“…As for the use of H 2 in the fuel mix, it is unlikely that supplying 5% of the kiln's thermal needs using H 2 and the remaining using alternative fuels (i.e., 5% H 2 + 95% of solid recovered fuel (SRF)) is enough to achieve adequate burning conditions. A higher fraction, closer to 7.5%, would likely be needed for a net-zero fuel mix [29]. It should be noted that the decarbonization impact of H 2 fuel at this scale comes not from the fuel itself but from the fact that it allows the use of a higher fraction of alternative fuels, mainly biomass, and SRFs.…”

“…Assuming no SRF processing, a factory could continue using coal for the rest of the fuel mix (5% H 2 + 95% coal) and reduce CO 2 emissions by 49 t CO 2 /day, assuming the benefits to the process's energy efficiency. In the best-case scenario, the fuel mix could still use some coal as a correction fuel to achieve fine control over the necessary temperatures, albeit in a lower proportion than the 60% SRF + 40% petcoke case described by Hercog et al [29]. Employing a fuel mix of 5% H 2 + 65% SRF + 30% petcoke reduces process emissions by 686 t CO 2 /day.…”

Techno-Economic Analysis of Cement Decarbonization Techniques: Oxygen Enrichment vs. Hydrogen Fuel

“…Still, this case was studied to examine the economic viability of a higher H2 content, and currently, the cost is simply too high for its benefits. Additionally, this H2 content should not be enough to achieve a completely net-zero fuel mix composed of only H2 and biomass, as a study found it would need something closer to 7.5% of the thermal fraction in H2 to improve burning conditions compared to the base case [22].…”