Pin Track Infection and the Principles of Pin Site Care

Checketts, R. G.; MacEachem, A. G.; Otterbum, M.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4471-0691-3_11

Cited by 93 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Pin sites were clinically classified according to the Checketts-Otterburns classification [11], bacterial culturing was taken from each pin site at the first, sixth and tenth week and from the tip of the pins at removal and complications were recorded. At removal, the pins were assessed as clinically loose or fixed.…”

Section: Outcomementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The time of the preoperative antibiotic dose given was classified in patients administrated the preoperative dose ·60 min before the first incision and patients administrated the preoperative dose at any other occasion or not at all. The extent of antibiotic treatment clinical infection graded according to the Checketts-Otterburns classification [11], number of positive cultures, the presences of Staphylococcus aureus and the number of loose pins at extraction were compiled as well as the complications. Grade I-III according to the Checketts-Otterburns classification [11] was classified as minor infections and grade IV-VI as major infections.…”

Section: Outcomementioning

confidence: 99%

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Infection prophylaxis: a prospective study in 106 patients operated on by tibial osteotomy using the hemicallotasis technique

W‐Dahl

2006

Arch Orthop Trauma Surg

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Introduction Tibial osteotomy by the hemicallotasis technique is a clean elective operation. With external fixation pins inserted, close to the knee joint, the infection prophylaxis should be considered. The primary aim was to investigate the differences in the postoperative use of antibiotics during the time in external fixation between administrating prophylactic antibiotics for 3 days or as a single dose in patients operated on by the hemicallotasis technique for knee deformities. Secondary aims were to study the differences in pin-site infection rate and grade and complications. Material and methods A total of 106 consecutive patients of mean age 52 years (range 18-69) operated on by the hemicallotasis technique for knee deformities were included in this prospective study. Sixty patients were prescribed prophylactic antibiotics for 3 days and 46 patients as a single dose. Chlorhexidine (5 mg/ml) in alcohol (70% ethanol) was used as cleansing agent in the pin-site care. The power of the study was calculated to 80% to detect a difference in the postoperative use of antibiotics for 7 days during the treatment in external fixation. Results There were no differences in postoperative use of antibiotics between 3 days administration or a single dose of prophylactic antibiotics. This was the case with infection rate and grade, positive bacterial cultures, presence of Staphylococcus aureus, nor positive culturing from the tip of the pins at removal. Neither were there any differences in numbers of loose pins and complications. Conclusion There were no differences between 3 days of administration of prophylactic antibiotics and one single dose. One single dose of prophylactic antibiotics is appropriate together with a pin-site concept preventing pin-site infection in patients operated on by hemicallotasis osteotomy.

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Section: Outcomementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Outcomementioning

confidence: 99%

Infection prophylaxis: a prospective study in 106 patients operated on by tibial osteotomy using the hemicallotasis technique

W‐Dahl

2006

Arch Orthop Trauma Surg

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“…14 Pin site infections were graded according to the Checketts and Otterburn classification. 15 The definitive surgical procedure was performed once CT imaging was completed. The condition of the soft tissue envelope did not influence the timing of definitive surgery.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circular external fixation in the management of tibial plateau fractures in patients over the age of 55 years

Marais

Ferreira

2018

SA orthop. j.

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Introduction: Tibial plateau fractures in the elderly pose significant treatment challenges because of coexisting medical problems, pre-existing degenerative joint disease and osteoporosis. While several studies have reported promising results with the use of circular external fixation, little data is available on its use in older patients. This study aims to compare the complications and union rate of circular external fixation in patients over the age of 55 years with that achieved in younger patients.

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“…13,14 Pin site infections were graded according to the Checketts and Otterburn classification. 15 All patients were assessed and managed according to the Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) principles on presentation. Open fractures were managed according to a standardised treatment protocol that included emergency department antibiotic administration (first generation cephalosporin and Gram-negative cover), wound irrigation and splinting.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outcome of bilateral circular fixators in complex lower limb fractures

Mkize

Ferreira

2017

SA orthop. j.

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Circular external fixators are increasingly being used for complex lower limb trauma. When these injuries are sustained to both lower limbs, the ideal management is unclear. We present the results of 25 consecutive patients who were treated with bilateral circular external fixators for complex tibial trauma. The final cohort consisted of 23 men and two women with a mean age of 31.8 years (range 21-62 years) and a median follow-up was 16.4 months (range 6-37 months). Bony union was achieved in 96% (48 out of 50) of the tibia fractures. The mean time to union was 26 weeks (range 13-71 weeks). Serious complications included chronic osteomyelitis that developed in one patient following a high-grade open fracture and unilateral non-unions in two patients. Bilateral circular external fixators are a viable treatment option for patients who sustain bilateral complex lower limb trauma.

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Pin Track Infection and the Principles of Pin Site Care

Cited by 93 publications

References 7 publications

Infection prophylaxis: a prospective study in 106 patients operated on by tibial osteotomy using the hemicallotasis technique

Infection prophylaxis: a prospective study in 106 patients operated on by tibial osteotomy using the hemicallotasis technique

Circular external fixation in the management of tibial plateau fractures in patients over the age of 55 years

Outcome of bilateral circular fixators in complex lower limb fractures

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