Pinch and exergy evaluation of a liquid nitrogen cryogenic energy storage structure using air separation unit, liquefaction hybrid process, and Kalina power cycle

Ebrahimi, Armin; Ghorbani, Bahram; Taghavi, Masoud

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.127226

Cited by 31 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…where t s and t r are the energy storage and recovery periods, h; W t , W p , and W c are the theoretical power consumptions in the turbine, cryo-pump, and compressor, respectively, kW; h t,in , h t,out , h p,in , h p,out , h c,in , and h c,out are the mass enthalpy values of the turbine inlet, turbine outlet, cryo-pump inlet, cryo-pump outlet, compressor inlet, and compressor outlet streams, respectively, kJ/kg. The exergy efficiency of the energy storage process of the LAES system η ES is defined as the ratio of exergy output (liquid product exergy m 9 e 9 and hot exergy output E HS ) to exergy input (net effective work input to the compression process m 1 W C and cold exergy input E CS ) for the storage section 27,46,50 :…”

Section: Thermodynamic and Exergy Analyses Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The exergy efficiency of the energy storage process of the LAES system

η_{ES}

is defined as the ratio of exergy output (liquid product exergy

m_{9} e_{9}

and hot exergy output

E_{HS}

) to exergy input (net effective work input to the compression process

m_{1} W_{normalC}

and cold exergy input

E_{CS}

) for the storage section 27,46,50 :

η_{ES} = \frac{(m_{9} e_{9} + E_{HS}) \cdot t_{normals}}{(m_{1} W_{normalC} + E_{CS}) \cdot t_{normals}}

In the energy recovery process, the exergy input consists of the liquid product input cold exergy,

m_{1 R} e_{1 R}

, and hot exergy input,

E_{HR}

, and the exergy outputs are the cold exergy output,

E_{CS},

and net effective work output,

m_{1 R} W_{air, out}

. Thus, the exergy efficiency of the energy recovery process,

η_{ER}

, is expressed as follows 27,46 :

η_{ER} = \frac{(m_{1 R} W_{air, out} + E_{CS}) \cdot t_{normalr}}{(m_{1 R} e_{1 R} + E_{HR})}

…”

Section: System Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Optimization of a cryogenic liquid air energy storage system and its optimal thermodynamic performance

Tan

Wen

Ding

et al. 2022

Intl J of Energy Research

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Summary For grid‐scale intermittent electricity storage, liquid air energy storage (LAES) is considered to be one of the most promising technologies for storing renewable energy. In this study, a steady‐state process model was developed for an LAES, by combining a Linde liquefaction process and an open Rankine power cycle. To investigate the system performance and achieve global optimization, a single‐factor analysis approach and multifactor genetic algorithm (GA) optimization model were built using MATLAB software. The effects of the charging pressure, storage pressure, discharging pressure, and isentropic efficiency of the compressor/turbine on the LAES performance parameters, such as the inlet temperature of the Joule–Thomson valve, round‐trip efficiency (RTE), liquefaction ratio (LR), and power consumptions in the compressor, cryo‐pump, and turbine, were investigated. Subsequently, the optimal conditions were obtained using the GA optimization method to achieve the optimal performance of the LAES. The results showed that the charging pressure, discharging pressure, and isentropic efficiencies of the compressor and turbine had significant effects on the RTE; an increase in the discharging pressure resulted in an improved expansion power output; the GA optimization could achieve RTE, LR, the system energy storage and recovery exergy efficiencies of 53.33%, 86.96%, 81.00%, and 78.16%; the power consumption in the compressor of GA optimization was 10.02% maximum saving. The proposed optimization method can be used to further explore the global optimization of cryogenic energy storage systems, such as different‐layout LAES systems and different cryogenic liquefaction media energy storage systems.

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Section: Thermodynamic and Exergy Analyses Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The exergy efficiency of the energy storage process of the LAES system

η_{ES}

is defined as the ratio of exergy output (liquid product exergy

m_{9} e_{9}

and hot exergy output

E_{HS}

) to exergy input (net effective work input to the compression process

m_{1} W_{normalC}

and cold exergy input

E_{CS}

) for the storage section 27,46,50 :

η_{ES} = \frac{(m_{9} e_{9} + E_{HS}) \cdot t_{normals}}{(m_{1} W_{normalC} + E_{CS}) \cdot t_{normals}}

In the energy recovery process, the exergy input consists of the liquid product input cold exergy,

m_{1 R} e_{1 R}

, and hot exergy input,

E_{HR}

, and the exergy outputs are the cold exergy output,

E_{CS},

and net effective work output,

m_{1 R} W_{air, out}

. Thus, the exergy efficiency of the energy recovery process,

η_{ER}

, is expressed as follows 27,46 :

η_{ER} = \frac{(m_{1 R} W_{air, out} + E_{CS}) \cdot t_{normalr}}{(m_{1 R} e_{1 R} + E_{HR})}

…”

Section: System Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of a cryogenic liquid air energy storage system and its optimal thermodynamic performance

Tan

Wen

Ding

et al. 2022

Intl J of Energy Research

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“…As the most applied inert gas and raw material for ammonia production, nitrogen is extensively used in industry. Currently, the main industrial nitrogen production technologies are cryogenic air separation [57][58][59], pressure swing adsorption [60,61] (PSA), and polymer membrane technology [29,62]. Among them, the cryogenic air separation can provide ultra-pure (99.999 %) nitrogen; PSA and polymeric membrane technology are normally applied to produce hyper-pure nitrogen (90 %-99 %) on small and medium scales.…”

Section: Production Of Pure Nitrogenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mixed Oxygen Ionic and Electronic Conducting Membrane Reactors for Pure Chemicals Production

Wang

Liang

Xiang

et al. 2021

Chemie Ingenieur Technik

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Dedicated to Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Ju ¨rgen Caro on the occasion of his 70th birthday Traditional gas separation technologies to produce pure oxygen, hydrogen and highly concentrated nitrogen, such as pressure swing adsorption and cryogenic separation, are cost and energy intensive. The mixed oxygen ionic and electronic conductor (MIEC) membrane can separate oxygen with 100 % selectivity, which can be applied as a platform reactor for pure chemicals production. In the MIEC membrane reactor, pure O 2 can be directly produced. When the oxygen is all removed, highly concentrated N 2 is generated. Moreover, if the feeding gas is water steam, hydrogen can be yielded through water decomposition. Significant progress has been made in the MIEC membrane reactor for pure chemicals production over the past few years. Therefore, this work summarizes the relative efforts on MIEC membranes for oxygen, nitrogen, and hydrogen purification. The principles of materials selection, membrane morphology optimizing, and reactions coupling are discussed in detail.

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“…Cryogenic fluids can be kept for many months in low-pressure insulated storage tanks with minimum loss [3]. There is a comprehensive application of cryogenic technology, including the liquefaction of various industrial gases, such as nitrogen [4], oxygen [5], helium, hydrogen [6], natural gas [7], etc. Liquefied natural gas (LNG) has gained popularity in the energy sector as a means of storing natural gas on a large scale and transporting it hundreds of miles from the locations of production to cities and nations [8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive Thermodynamic Performance Evaluation of Various Gas Liquefaction Cycles for Cryogenic Energy Storage

Kılıç,

Altun

2023

Sustainability

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This paper conducts comparative thermodynamic analysis and performance evaluations of various gas liquefaction configurations. The four most common liquefaction systems (Linde–Hampson, Kapitza, Heylandt, and Claude) were considered. The isothermal and multi-stage isentropic compression processes were evaluated and compared as actual compression processes. Thermodynamic evaluation is based on the energy required to compress a unit mass of gas, the liquefied air mass flow rate, and the exergetic efficiency. The modeling results show that three-stage compression cycles retain lower energy requirements. Increasing the compression stage from one to two for all the processes decreases the energy requirement by 34 to 38%. Changing the compression stage number from two to three reduces the energy requirement by 13%. The compression pressure and expander flow rate ratio significantly affect the liquefied air mass flow rate. Hence, a parametric analysis was conducted to obtain the best operating conditions for each considered cycle. Depending on the compression pressure, the optimum expander flow rate values of the Claude, Kapitza, and Heylandt cycles change from 0.65 to 0.5, 0.65 to 0.55, and 0.35 to 0.30, respectively. For the optimum cases, the Claude, Kapitza, and Heylandt cycles result in liquid yields that are about 2.5, 2.2, and 1.6 times higher than that of the Linde–Hampson cycle. The Claude cycle is the best operating cycle for all the considered performance metrics. Moreover, the performances of the Linde–Hampson and Claude cycles are investigated for various gases. Under the same operating conditions, the results show that better performance parameters are obtained with the gases that have relatively high normal boiling temperatures.

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Pinch and exergy evaluation of a liquid nitrogen cryogenic energy storage structure using air separation unit, liquefaction hybrid process, and Kalina power cycle

Cited by 31 publications

References 34 publications

Optimization of a cryogenic liquid air energy storage system and its optimal thermodynamic performance

Optimization of a cryogenic liquid air energy storage system and its optimal thermodynamic performance

Mixed Oxygen Ionic and Electronic Conducting Membrane Reactors for Pure Chemicals Production

Comprehensive Thermodynamic Performance Evaluation of Various Gas Liquefaction Cycles for Cryogenic Energy Storage

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