PINE OIL: AN OVIPOSITION DETERRENT FOR THE ONION MAGGOT, DELIA ANTIQUA (MEIGEN) (DIPTERA: ANTHOMYIIDAE)

Abstract

Pine oil (Norpine-65, Northwest Petrochemicals) was assessed as an oviposition deterrent for gravid female onion maggots, Delia antiqua (Meigen), in two types of laboratory experiments. When given a choice for 24 h between a control onion half treated with hexane and an onion half treated with pine oil in hexane, the females oviposited preferentially on or around the control onion half. In a no-choice experiment the females laid over three times as many eggs on or around solvent control onions as on or around onions treated with 1.0% pine oil. The DC50 (deterrent concentration50) was calculated to be 0.09%. The results suggest that pine oil (or its constituents) may have potential as an oviposition deterrent under field conditions.

Identity and bioactivity of oviposition deterrents in pine oil for the onion maggot, Delia antiqua

“…Both the pieces of onion bulb and onion oil elicited strong oviposition responses by onion maggot females (Table 1). These results confirm those of Javer et al (1987) with respect to the deterrent properties of pine oil and support the use of onion oil as a control stimulus in bioassays. Pine oil reduced oviposition by female onion maggots in response to onion oil by 72% at a release rate of 200 #g per day (Table 1).…”

“…Fraction 2 contained over 50 compounds including 5% limonene, All three of the major constituents of frac- tion 1 significantly deterred oviposition (Table 3). The increased numbers of eggs at the treated stations may be explained by the fact that gravid females were deprived of any opportunity to oviposit at a control station (Javer et al, 1987;Cowles et al, 1989) At release rates of 451 and 246 /~g per 24 h, respectively, fraction 1 and distilled pine oil would have released the constituents of the ternary mixture at approximately 320 and 200 #g per 24 h, respectively. The ternary mixture was more active than pcymene or limonene, while the most potent monoterpene, 3-carene, caused deterrency that was intermediate between that caused by the mixture and the other individual components.…”

“…Oviposition deterrents that showed potential efficacy against onion maggots in experiments include hydrated bean extract (Wiens et al, 1978); dill, black pepper, chili powder, ginger, red pepper and paprika (Cowles et al, 1989); various cinnamyl-related compounds, para-substituted phenethyl alcohols, citronellal, and terpinene-4-ol and pine oil (Javer et al, 1987). Oviposition deterrents that showed potential efficacy against onion maggots in experiments include hydrated bean extract (Wiens et al, 1978); dill, black pepper, chili powder, ginger, red pepper and paprika (Cowles et al, 1989); various cinnamyl-related compounds, para-substituted phenethyl alcohols, citronellal, and terpinene-4-ol and pine oil (Javer et al, 1987).…”

“…Oviposition deterrents that showed potential efficacy against onion maggots in experiments include hydrated bean extract (Wiens et al, 1978); dill, black pepper, chili powder, ginger, red pepper and paprika (Cowles et al, 1989); various cinnamyl-related compounds, para-substituted phenethyl alcohols, citronellal, and terpinene-4-ol and pine oil (Javer et al, 1987). The cheapest and most abundant pine oil available today is a by-product from wood pulp mills, and is a complex mixture of varying amounts of monoterpenes and other natural products (Nijholt, 1980;Nijholt et al, 1981;Alfaro et al, 1984;Javer et al, 1987). Against the onion maggot, Javer et al (1987) determined that a concentration of 0.09% pine oil (Norpine 65, Northwest Petrochemicals, Anacortes, Washington) in hex-ane caused 50% oviposition deterrency in laboratory bioassays.…”

Deterrent effect of the chinaberry extract on oviposition of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lep., Yponomeutidae)

“…For examples, HOUGH-GOLDSTEIN and HAHN (1 992) reported that an aqueous extract of tansy, Tmacetuni l.ulgure L., was detrimental to oviposition by the imported cabbage worm and the diamondback moth. JAVER et al (1987) found that pine oil was an ovipositional deterrent for the onion maggot, Delia antiqua (Meigen), under laboratory conditions. DOVER (1985) demonstrated reduction in oviposition by the diamondback moth by use of alcohol extracts of hyssop, rosemary, sage, thyme, and white clover as well as essential oils of sage and thyme.…”