Pine Resins and Pottery Sealing: Analysis of Absorbed and Visible Pottery Residues From Central New York State

Reber, Eleanora A.; Hart, John P.

doi:10.1111/j.1475-4754.2007.00387.x

Cited by 12 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Retene is a tricyclic PAH derived from abietane diterpenics structure and was proposed as a tracer for conifer combustion [24]; dehydroabietic acid is a common oxidative breakdown product of abietane diterpenoids [25]. The diterpenoid components of abietane and pimarane skeletal types are characteristic of conifers [25,26]. These results further confirm the PAHs findings.…”

Section: The Raw Materials Of Inksupporting

confidence: 77%

Identification of the proto-inkstone by organic residue analysis: a case study from the Changle Cemetery in China

2018

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The inkstone is a specific writing implement in China that was popularized since the Han Dynasty (202 BC-AD 220). A rectangular/round grinding plate accompanied with a grinding stone is considered as a kind of proto-inkstone. However, little scientific investigation has been performed to support this hypothesis. In this paper, a micro-destructive approach, including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS), were employed to analyse the black residues on a grinding plate and a grinding stone excavated from the Changle Cemetery (202 BC-AD 8) in northwestern China. The FTIR and Raman analyses indicated that the residues were ancient ink. GC-MS analysis further identified that the residues were pinesoot ink, based on the relative abundances of the main polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, as well as the detection of conifer biomarkers. The trace of animal glue was not detected in the residues; thus, the ink was possibly formed as small pellets and the small grinding stone was necessary to assist during the ink-grinding process. This study confirms that this set of stone implements is indeed an early type of inkstone, and offers some insight into the co-evolution relationship between ink production and inkstone shapes.

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Section: The Raw Materials Of Inksupporting

confidence: 77%

Identification of the proto-inkstone by organic residue analysis: a case study from the Changle Cemetery in China

2018

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“…would therefore be particularly prone to potential misinterpretation of pyrolytic byproducts from firing. For example, biomarkers of pine resin in a residue could derive from deliberate application as part of a post‐firing treatment (Reber and Hart ), from pine pitch processing (Hjulstrom et al . ; Reber and Hart ), or from by‐products of fuel used in firing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…First, the variety of potential sources for anthropogenic residues described above means that residues may not be assumed to derive simply from pot contents, as studies have shown post‐firing applications of resin for use as a sealant (Regert et al . ; Reber and Hart ; Stern et al . ; Stacey et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipid Residues from Low‐Fired Pottery

Reber¹,

Kerr

Whelton

et al. 2018

Archaeometry

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This paper assesses the fate of lipids associated with low-temperature and pit-fired pottery to determine to what degree organic compounds persist or are removed during short-firing episodes below 800°C. Three different types of clay were fired using contrasting techniques including at 400°C for 4 h in a muffle furnace, and pit-firing in which pottery was fired to higher temperatures but for shorter periods of time. Total lipid extracts obtained by solvent extraction of test sherds were screened using gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID) to determine the lipid concentrations and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to identify the organic compounds present. The results showed that firing of clay removes all naturally occurring alkyl lipids; however, during pit-firing, diterpenoid lipids were introduced into the clay as a condensate from pine ( Pinus spp.) wood used as fuel. These results confirm that alkyl lipids, e.g., fatty acids, can be reliably associated with the use of vessels, although caution is required when interpreting the origins of lipids that might derive from fuel used in firing. bs_bs_banner 0.5 cm in measurement, and were dried thoroughly at room temperature before firing.The clay tiles were fired using two methods: in a muffle furnace at 400°C for 4 h (firing 1) and in several firing patterns in earthen pits excavated in the ground (firings 2-4). The pit-firing temperatures were measured with a Bailey Type K Chromel-Alumel Analog pyrometer (accuracy 132 E. A. Reber et al.

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“…We know from northeastern North America on the basis of phytolith, starch, lipid, and isotope analyses that it is uncommon for a single resource to have contributed all carbon to residue formation (Boyd and Surette 2010;Hart et al 2007b;Messner et al 2008;Reber and Hart 2008;Ravielle 2010). Similar levels of analyses have not been completed in many of the locations where FROs are assumed.…”

Section: J P Hartmentioning

confidence: 96%

A Model for Calculating Freshwater Reservoir Offsets on AMS-Dated Charred, Encrusted Cooking Residues Formed from Varying Resources

Hart

2014

Radiocarbon

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The freshwater reservoir effect (FRE) hypothesis suggests that ancient carbon from aquatic organisms incorporated into AMS-dated charred, encrusted cooking residues on interior pottery walls produces old apparent radiocarbon ages. This hypothesis has been used primarily in northern European final Mesolithic contexts to explain 14 C ages on cooking residues that are thought to be too old relative to 14 C ages obtained on terrestrial samples, resulting in so-called freshwater reservoir offsets (FROs). More recently, the hypothesis has been cited in interpretations of 14 C ages from residues in the North American Plains and elsewhere. This article presents a model using an Excel spreadsheet that allows calculation of FROs with varying inputs of dead carbon and aquatic and terrestrial resources.

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Pine Resins and Pottery Sealing: Analysis of Absorbed and Visible Pottery Residues From Central New York State

Cited by 12 publications

References 28 publications

Identification of the proto-inkstone by organic residue analysis: a case study from the Changle Cemetery in China

Identification of the proto-inkstone by organic residue analysis: a case study from the Changle Cemetery in China

Lipid Residues from Low‐Fired Pottery

A Model for Calculating Freshwater Reservoir Offsets on AMS-Dated Charred, Encrusted Cooking Residues Formed from Varying Resources

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