Pine Seeds Carry Symbionts: Endophyte Transmission Re-examined

Deckert, Ron J.; Gehring, Catherine A.; Patterson, Adair

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-10504-4_16

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…The surrounding environment likely influenced the seed development and, thereby, the transmission of fungi to the seeds. The fungal assembly probably occurred either before or after seed maturation while the cones were still attached to the trees (Deckert et al 2019). Furthermore, it seems more likely that the main part of the fungal assembly will occur before the cones are fully developed.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial and temporal dynamics of seedborne, airborne, and foliar fungal communities in Swedish forest nurseries

Larsson

2024

Acta Universitatis Agriculturae Sueciae

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Fungal infections in forest nurseries can significantly affect the economic sustainability of tree seedling production. Increased knowledge of local fungal communities, especially prevalent pathogens, could improve preventative and targeted control strategies, ultimately reducing the usage of fungicides. This thesis aimed to acquire new knowledge and advance a general understanding of seedborne, airborne, and foliar fungal communities in Swedish forest nurseries. The studies were conducted in five forest nurseries. Fungal communities were assessed from Picea abies, Pinus sylvestris, and Larix sp. seeds differentiated between the surface and the tissue (paper I), non-symptomatic P. sylvestris needles (paper II), and deposited spores (paper IV) using high-throughput sequencing of the ITS2 rDNA region. Results showed that seedborne fungal communities were distinguished between the seed surface and the seed tissue, where fungi from the seed surface showed a strong host-affinity and regional dependence. This result suggests that the movement of seeds between different geographic regions, including frequently traded seeds, could be a potential source of the spread and introduction of fungal species. The foliar and airborne fungal communities comprised high species richness and showed clear temporal shifts over the seedling growing seasons. The experiments included microbial treatments to control fungal pathogens and stimulate seedling growth on P. sylvestris seedlings. However, the use of microbial treatments was not found to impact the seedling growth or the disease incidence, which was generally low, and had no impact on the foliar fungal communities. All the fungal communities showed a high prevalence of nursery fungal pathogens, e.g., Cladosporium sp., Botrytis cinerea, Phoma herbarum, and Sydowia polyspora. In this thesis, the disease incidence of Diplodia sapinea in P. sylvestris seedlings was confirmed (paper III). Additionally, low abundances of D. sapinea were detected from the seeds and the deposited airborne spores. The findings in this thesis may contribute to developing disease management strategies in forest nurseries owing to a better understanding of fungal communities, thereby highlighting the importance of managing fungal pathogens to maintain healthy tree seedling production.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial and temporal dynamics of seedborne, airborne, and foliar fungal communities in Swedish forest nurseries

Larsson

2024

Acta Universitatis Agriculturae Sueciae

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“…The microbial contributions of the vertical and floral transmission pathways are likely to vary based on a plant species' pollination mode (Chesneau et al, 2020). Horizontal transmission is the acquisition of seed microbes from the environment, either prior to or after the maturation of the seed as it is still attached to the mother plant (Deckert et al, 2019) or as Variation in plant microbial communities can be observed at the macro-scale (i.e., meters to kilometers, or within and among sampling sites), meso-scale (i.e., centimeters to meters, or within and among plant organs to individuals), and micro-scale (i.e., nanometers to centimeters, or within and among plant organs) scales. The different colored stars represented distinct microbial communities at each scale.…”

Section: Acquisition Modes Of Seed Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 99%

A metacommunity ecology approach to understanding microbial community assembly in developing plant seeds

Bergmann

Leveau

2022

Front. Microbiol.

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Microorganisms have the potential to affect plant seed germination and seedling fitness, ultimately impacting plant health and community dynamics. Because seed-associated microbiota are highly variable across individual plants, plant species, and environments, it is challenging to identify the dominant processes that underlie the assembly, composition, and influence of these communities. We propose here that metacommunity ecology provides a conceptually useful framework for studying the microbiota of developing seeds, by the application of metacommunity principles of filtering, species interactions, and dispersal at multiple scales. Many studies in seed microbial ecology already describe individual assembly processes in a pattern-based manner, such as correlating seed microbiome composition with genotype or tracking diversity metrics across treatments in dispersal limitation experiments. But we see a lot of opportunities to examine understudied aspects of seed microbiology, including trait-based research on mechanisms of filtering and dispersal at the micro-scale, the use of pollination exclusion experiments in macro-scale seed studies, and an in-depth evaluation of how these processes interact via priority effect experiments and joint species distribution modeling.

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“…Considering microbial diversity in ecosystem restoration is therefore of critical importance. However, there is a distinct lack of baseline microbiome information for natural ecosystems, with most of our knowledge originating from surveys of agricultural plants (Clay 1987;Clay and Holah 1999;Arnold and Herre 2003;Afkhami and Rudgers 2008;Compant et al 2011;Barret et al 2015;Giauque and Hawkes 2016;Klaedtke et al 2016;Adam et al 2018), forestry species (Helander et al 1994;Deckert et al 2019;Bergmann and Busby 2021) and soil microbiomes (Peay et al 2007;Heneghan et al 2008;Mu ñoz-Rojas et al 2016;Gellie et al 2017;Schöler et al 2017;Leff et al 2018;Saleem et al 2019;Ngugi et al 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating seed microbiome knowledge into restoration and ex situ conservation of native Australian plants

et al. 2023

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Context Seeds harbour a diversity of microbes, which in some plants aid with germination and establishment. Seeds form a critical part in the lifecycle of plants and a role in many conservation and restoration activities. Aims Because this is an emerging field in seed biology, we aim to highlight the key research gaps of interest to seed on the basis of restoration and ex situ conservation. Methods We identify knowledge gaps associated with the seed endophytic microbiome of native Australian plants through undertaking a literature review. Additionally, culturing methods were used to identify the fungal seed endophytes of five native Australian species. Key results We identified a diversity of taxa within the native seed and show three taxa that are common to all study hosts. Sampling seed from additional hosts at a site and additional sites of a host species showed new fungal diversity. Our literature review showed that little information is available on native seed microbiomes and we identified four key areas where research gaps exist, linking with seed-based restoration practices. Conclusions We provide evidence that there is a complex and diverse seed microbiome within some Australian native plants and suggest ways that it could be integrated into restoration and conservation practices. Implications We propose that by taking into consideration the presence of a seed microbiome and its potential impacts on plant health, seed microbiomes could be used as one method to restore microbial diversity into an ecosystem and to contribute to the seedling microbiome and plant health at restored sites.

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Pine Seeds Carry Symbionts: Endophyte Transmission Re-examined

Cited by 5 publications

References 76 publications

Spatial and temporal dynamics of seedborne, airborne, and foliar fungal communities in Swedish forest nurseries

Spatial and temporal dynamics of seedborne, airborne, and foliar fungal communities in Swedish forest nurseries

A metacommunity ecology approach to understanding microbial community assembly in developing plant seeds

Integrating seed microbiome knowledge into restoration and ex situ conservation of native Australian plants

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