Pink Spot, p-Tyramine and Schizophrenia

Vogel, Wolfgang; Ahlberg, Caitlyn D.; Carlo, V Di; Horwitt, M. K.

doi:10.1038/2161038a0

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…(1974) to be less than 1 psi24 h. The excretion of mand p-tyramine vary considerably between subjects, hence the different means in the excretions in Table 3. The excretion rate of m-and p-tyramine in man is comparable to those reported in the literature (JEP-SON er al., 1960;PERRY & SCHROEDER, 1963;COWARD er al., 1964;VOGEL et al, 1967;KING et al, 1974;SLINGSBY & BOULTON, 1976). Table 2, the concentrations of the three amines measured did not significantly change 1 h after eating.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

MASS FRAGMENTOGRAPHY OF PHENYLETHYLAMINE, m‐ AND p‐TYRAMINE AND RELATED AMINES IN PLASMA, CEREBROSPINAL FLUID, URINE, AND BRAIN

Karoum

Nasrallah

Potkin

et al. 1979

Journal of Neurochemistry

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—A mass fragmentographic method for the assay of phenylethylamine (PEA) and a number of related amines in several biological materials is described. The gas chromatographic column employed for this analysis is a 12ft 1/8 in. o.d. steel column packed with 0.5% OV22+ 2% SE54 + 1% OV210 coated on 80/100 mesh chromosorb W (HP). The mass spectral characteristics of these amines are illustrated, compared, and discussed. Of the various monoamines which could be measured, only PEA, m‐ and p‐tyramine were detected in measurable quantities. Phenylethanolamine and p‐octopamine were found in trace amounts in urine, plasma, cerebrosponal fluid, and rat brain. No diurnal variation in the urinary excretion of PEA, m‐ and p‐tyramine was observed. Plasma concentration of PEA or p‐tyramine did not significantly change 1 h after eating a breakfast. Furthermore, consuming 200 g of Cadbury milk chocolate containing about 1 mg of PEA, 0.1 mg of phenylethanolamine and 10 mg of p‐tyramine did not significantly alter urine excretions of these three amines. In the brain, as has been reported by others, we found that PEA and p‐tyramine are not evenly distributed and that the highest concentrations are found in the hypothalamus and caudate. From the results obtained we concluded that PEA, m‐ and p‐tyramine are probably produced from endogenous sources and that the direct contribution of diet to their urine excretion is small.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

MASS FRAGMENTOGRAPHY OF PHENYLETHYLAMINE, m‐ AND p‐TYRAMINE AND RELATED AMINES IN PLASMA, CEREBROSPINAL FLUID, URINE, AND BRAIN

Karoum

Nasrallah

Potkin

et al. 1979

Journal of Neurochemistry

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“…The results from these studies, often but not always replicated (Anderson et al, 1984), correlated levels of PEA, TYR, TRYP, or their metabolites in blood and/or urine with methylphenidate and AMPH exposure (Borison et al, 1975), hypertension (Andrew et al, 1993), and hepatic encephalopathy (Manghani et al, 1975) as well as mental conditions including schizophrenia (Boulton et al, 1967;Vogel, 1967;Faurbye, 1968;Zeller et al, 1976;Sandler & Reynolds, 1976;Boulton, 1980;Boulton, 1982;Szymnanski et al, 1987;Myojin et al, 1989;O'Reilly et al, 1991;O'Reilly & Davis, 1994;Buckland et al, 1997), Tourette's syndrome (Baker et al, 1993), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (i.e. ADHD; Baker et al 1991;Kusaga, 2002), migraine (Hannington, 1967;Smith et al, 1970;Sever, 1979;D'Andrea et al, 2003b) and other headache Aridon et al, 2004), and depression Reynolds, 1979;Sandler et al, 1980;Chance et al, 1985;Davis & Boulton, 1994).…”

Section: Trace Amines In Human Health and Disease-withmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trace amine-associated receptor 1—Family archetype or iconoclast?

Grandy

2007

Pharmacology & Therapeutics

178

211

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Interest has recently been rekindled in receptors that are activated by low molecular weight, noncatecholic, biogenic amines that are typically found as trace constituents of various vertebrate and invertebrate tissues and fluids. The timing of this resurgent focus on receptors activated by the 'trace amines' (TAs) β-phenylethylamine (PEA), tyramine (TYR), octopamine (OCT), synephrine (SYN), and tryptamine (TRYP) is the direct result of two publications that appeared in 2001 describing the cloning of a novel G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) referred to by their discoverers as TA1 (Borowsky et al., 2001) and TAR1 (Bunzow et al., 2001). When heterologously expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes and various eukaryotic cell lines recombinant rodent and human TA receptors dosedependently couple to the stimulation of cAMP production. Structure-activity profiling based on this functional response has revealed that in addition to the TAs, other biologically active compounds containing a 2 carbon aliphatic side chain linking an amino group to at least one benzene ring are potent and efficacious TA receptor agonists with amphetamine, methamphetamine, 3-iodothyronamine, thyronamine, and dopamine among the most notable. Almost 100 years after the search for TA receptors began numerous TA1/TAR1-related sequences, now called Trace AmineAssociated Receptors (TAARs), have been identified in the genome of every species of vertebrate examined to date. Consequently, even though heterologously expressed TAAR1 fits the pharmacological criteria established for a bona fide TA receptor a major challenge for those working in the field is to discern the in vivo pharmacology and physiology of each purported member of this extended family of GPCRs. Only then will it be possible to establish whether TAAR1 is the family archetype or an iconoclast.

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Separation and quantitation of some urinary arylalkylamines

Slingsby

Boulton

1976

Journal of Chromatography A

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Pink Spot, p-Tyramine and Schizophrenia

Cited by 8 publications

References 13 publications

MASS FRAGMENTOGRAPHY OF PHENYLETHYLAMINE, m‐ AND p‐TYRAMINE AND RELATED AMINES IN PLASMA, CEREBROSPINAL FLUID, URINE, AND BRAIN

MASS FRAGMENTOGRAPHY OF PHENYLETHYLAMINE, m‐ AND p‐TYRAMINE AND RELATED AMINES IN PLASMA, CEREBROSPINAL FLUID, URINE, AND BRAIN

Trace amine-associated receptor 1—Family archetype or iconoclast?

Separation and quantitation of some urinary arylalkylamines

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