The results of the microstructure investigations of the pure Al and AlMg5 alloy and pure Cu and CuFe2 alloy after the application of severe plastic deformation implemented by rolling with the cyclic movement of the rolls are presented in this paper. The rolling with the cyclic movement of the rolls was carried out at values: the rolling rate v = 1 rpm, the frequency of rolls movement f = 1 Hz, the amplitude of rolls movement A = 1.6 mm. Maximal values of rolling reduction at 6 passes was ε h = 80%. The structure of the these materials was analyzed using scanning transmission electron microscope. The quantitative studies of the substructure was performed with MET-ILO software, on the basis of images acquired on scanning transmission electron microscope. Performed substructure investigations showed that using the rolling with the cyclic movement of the rolls method can refine the microstructure of these materials to the ultrafine scale.