Pinning Transition of Bose-Einstein Condensates in Optical Ring Resonators

Schuster, S.; Wolf, P.; Schmidt, D.; Slama, Sebastian; Zimmermann, C.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.121.223601

Cited by 21 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…We predict that even in the simplest symmetric choice of parameters, the interplay between various degrees of freedom already results in novel phases and exotic quantum phase transitions of different natures. All the phases and the quantum phase transitions between them can be readily realized by solely tuning the frequencies and powers of the pump lasers, relevant parameters in cavity-QED experiments [27,28,64]. Remarkably, all the quantum phase transitions, including the topological one, can be monitored directly through the cavity outputs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The system, therefore, serves as an analog quantum simulator for studying topological phase transitions and dynamics of topologically nontrivial phases in a well controlled environment with in situ monitoring. Our proposal can be implemented with minor modifications to state-of-the-art experiments in cavity QED [20,21,26,27,64,67,69,70]. The main experimental challenges are the minimization of mirror backscattering, and inevitable birefringence at the mirrors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Hamiltonian H int accounts for two-body contact interactions between the atoms, and ensures the thermalization and relaxation of the BEC. However, we assume that the twobody contact interactions are negligibly small compared to cavity-mediated long-range interactions, which is a good approximation for typical cavity-QED experiments [29,64]. Therefore, we will not explicitly include twobody contact interactions in our model.…”

Section: Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cavity-induced emergent topological spin textures in a Bose–Einstein condensate

et al. 2019

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The coupled nonlinear dynamics of ultracold quantum matter and electromagnetic field modes in an optical resonator exhibits a wealth of intriguing collective phenomena. Here we study a Λ-type, threecomponent Bose-Einstein condensate coupled to four dynamical running-wave modes of a ring cavity, where only two of the modes are externally pumped. However, the unpumped modes play a crucial role in the dynamics of the system due to coherent backscattering of photons. On a mean-field level we identify three fundamentally different steady-state phases with distinct characteristics in the density and spatial spin textures: a combined density and spin-wave, a continuous spin spiral with a homogeneous density, and a spin spiral with a modulated density. The spin-spiral states, which are topological, are intimately related to cavity-induced spin-orbit coupling emerging beyond a critical pump power. The topologically trivial density-wave-spin-wave state has the characteristics of a supersolid with two broken continuous symmetries. The transitions between different phases are either simultaneously topological and first-order, or second-order. The proposed setup allows the simulation of intriguing many-body quantum phenomena by solely tuning the pump amplitudes and frequencies, with the cavity output fields serving as a built-in nondestructive observation tool. New J. Phys. 21 (2019) 013029 S Ostermann et al *

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cavity-induced emergent topological spin textures in a Bose–Einstein condensate

et al. 2019

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“…In the present article, we propose the realization of density and spin self-ordering for a transversely driven multi-level Fermi gas coupled to a pair of counterpropagating degenerate modes of a ring cavity as depicted in figure 1 [36][37][38][39][40][41][42]. The multi-level atomic structure allows to implement spinor states [13], while the cavity geometry guarantees a continuous translational symmetry [43,44]. The dynamical coupling between the light fields and the atomic states induces a transversal spin-wave texture of antiferromagnetic nature [45].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antiferromagnetic self-ordering of a Fermi gas in a ring cavity

et al. 2019

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We explore the density and spin self-ordering of driven spin-1/2 collisionless fermionic atoms coupled to the electromagnetic fields of a ring resonator. The two spin states are two-photon Ramancoupled via a pair of degenerate counterpropagating cavity modes and two transverse pump fields. In this one-dimensional configuration the coupled atom-field system possesses a continuous U(1) translational symmetry and a discrete Z 2 spin inversion symmetry. At half filling for sufficiently strong pump strengths, the combined U(1)×Z 2 symmetry is spontaneously broken at the onset of a superradiant phase transition to a state with self-ordered density and spin structures. We predominately find an antiferromagnetic lattice order at the cavity wavelength. The self-ordered states exhibit unexpected positive momentum pair correlations between fermions with opposite spin. These strong cavity-mediated correlations vanish at higher pump strength.

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“…Both pump frequencies ω ± are set to a fixed detuning by ∆ c = ω c± − ω ± = 1ω r , with the respective resonance frequencies of the T EM 20 and T EM 00 modes ω c± . The detunings ∆ c and ∆ a were chosen such, in order to stay well below the Pinning-Transition observed in a previus work [19]. The absorption images of the BEC are taken after 25 ms of ballistic flight to determine the occupations |c n | 2 of the individual BEC momentum states, which are normalized to n |c n | 2 = 1.…”

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confidence: 99%

Supersolid Properties of a Bose-Einstein Condensate in a Ring Resonator

et al. 2020

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We investigate the dynamics of a Bose-Einstein condensate interacting with two non-interfering and counterpropagating modes of a ring resonator. Superfluid, supersolid and dynamic phases are identified experimentally and theoretically. The supersolid phase is obtained for sufficiently equal pump strengths for the two modes. In this regime we observe the emergence of a steady state with crystalline order, which spontaneously breaks the continuous translational symmetry of the system. The supersolidity of this state is demonstrated by the conservation of global phase coherence at the superfluid to supersolid phase transition. Above a critical pump asymmetry the system evolves into a dynamic run-away instability commonly known as collective atomic recoil lasing. We present a phase diagram and characterize the individual phases by comparing theoretical predictions with experimental observations.

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Pinning Transition of Bose-Einstein Condensates in Optical Ring Resonators

Cited by 21 publications

References 28 publications

Cavity-induced emergent topological spin textures in a Bose–Einstein condensate

Cavity-induced emergent topological spin textures in a Bose–Einstein condensate

Antiferromagnetic self-ordering of a Fermi gas in a ring cavity

Supersolid Properties of a Bose-Einstein Condensate in a Ring Resonator

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