Pinocembrin protects brain against ischemia/reperfusion injury by attenuating endoplasmic reticulum stress induced apoptosis

The effect of <italic>Scutellaria baicalensis</italic> stem-leaf flavonoids on spatial learning and memory in chronic cerebral ischemia-induced vascular dementia of rats

“…SSTF (50 mg/kg) administration did not significantly affect the behavior of rats in probe trail, suggesting that 100 mg/kg might be the minimum dose required. Initially, we thought that SSTF might ameliorate the deficits of spatial learning and memory through reducing the brain infarction, because pretreatment with SSTF prevents cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury [5,42]. However, in this study, the SSTF treatment did not significantly decrease the infarct volume in the brain (Fig.…”

“…Flavonoid compounds have been found to attenuate learning and memory impairment and improve cognitive function in AD model [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. In addition to the direct interference with the generation and assembly of Aβ peptides into neurotoxic oligomeric aggregates or regulation of prosurvival transcription factors in the brain [12][13][14][15], flavonoids encourage beneficial effects on the vascular system [16].…”

Posttranscriptional and transcriptional regulation of endothelial nitric-oxide synthase during hypoxia: the role of microRNAs

“…Recent studies also provided compiling evidence that disturbed ER function plays a crucial role in a number of hypoxia-triggered endothelial patholophysiological processes leading to cardiovascular disorders such as atherosclerosis, ischemic cardiac and peripheral vascular diseases, and neovascularization [58–60]. Hypoxia triggers endothelial ER stress and apoptosis, and induces very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) receptor (VLDLr) expression through HIF-1 transcriptional activity [61].…”

Pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability of single and multiple-doses of pinocembrin injection administered intravenously in healthy subjects

“…It was reported to have multiple actions including anti-platelet aggregant (Jantan et al, 2008), anti-angiogenic activities (Ahn et al, 2009), anti-inflammatory (Soromou et al, 2012), anti-oxidant (Kapoor, 2013;Santos et al, 1998;Yu et al, 2009), and antimicrobial (Paintz and Metzner, 1979). Recently, preclinical studies have suggested pinocembrin protects rat brain against oxidation and apoptosis induced by ischemia-reperfusion both in vivo and in vitro Liu et al, 2008;Rasul et al, 2013;Shi et al, 2011;Soromou et al, 2012;Wang et al, 2013;Wu et al, 2013). Using a permanent focal cerebral ischemia rat model, pinocembrin improved regional cerebral blood flow and reduced the postischemic damage to the neurovascular unit at the dose level of 3, 10, and 30 mg kg À 1 .…”