Pinocytotic uptake and intracellular distribution of colloidal thorium dioxide by cultured sensory neurites

Weldon, P.

doi:10.1007/bf01102117

Cited by 37 publications

(22 citation statements)

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“…With appropriate ultrastructural preservation, the distinct features of MVBs are relatively easy to recognize. Occasionally, MVBs can be mistaken for dense endosomes (when their matrix and vesicles are relatively dense), for phagocytotic vacuoles (Roizin et al ., 1967), residual bodies (Roizin et al ., 1967; Schmied and Holtzman, 1987), dense lamellar bodies (Smith, 1980), multilamellar, cup-shaped or other endosomes and cisternae (Birks et al ., 1972; Holtzman et al ., 1973; Weldon, 1975), elongated, membrane-limited profiles (Claude et al ., 1982b), or for large vesicles (if there are less than two vesicles within the lumen). Adequate ultrastructural morphology is necessary to distinguish these different types of organelles, and serial thin sections may be required for definitive conclusions (LaVail et al ., 1980).…”

Section: Definition Of Mvbs and Scope Of This Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This view changed with the observation that tracers such as ferritin, horseradish peroxidase (HRP), and thorium dioxide accumulated in MVBs (Birks et al ., 1972; Holtzman and Peterson, 1969; Rosenbluth and Wissig, 1964; Weldon, 1975), and a primary role in the endocytic-degradative pathway was recognized (Holtzman, 1971; Kristensson and Olsson, 1971). Consistent with this notion was the finding of acid phosphatase and hydrolase activity in at least some MVBs (Gatzinsky and Berthold, 1990; Gatzinsky et al ., 1988; Holtzman, 1971; Holtzman and Novikoff, 1965; Overly et al ., 1995; Paula-Barbosa et al ., 1978; Roizin et al ., 1967; Saito, 1983).…”

Section: History Of Major Conceptsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another recent uncertainty concerns potential release mechanisms of MVBs: Do neuronal MVBs release their content via vesicular intermediates with “back-fusion” events (Kleijmeer et al ., 2001; Murk et al ., 2002; Rind et al ., 2005; Uchil and Mothes, 2005), or does the limiting membrane fuse with the plasma membrane and release internal vesicles as exosomes (Faure et al ., 2006; Lachenal et al ., 2011; Putz et al ., 2008; Smalheiser, 2007; Weldon, 1975), or can neurons employ both mechanisms? Modes of release have potentially important disease-relevant implications, for example the release of amyloid-beta 42 and prions from neuronal MVBs in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease and Prion disease, respectively.…”

Section: History Of Major Conceptsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multivesicular bodies in neurons: Distribution, protein content, and trafficking functions

Bartheld

Altick

2011

Progress in Neurobiology

176

157

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SummaryMultivesicular bodies (MVBs) are intracellular endosomal organelles characterized by multiple internal vesicles that are enclosed within a single outer membrane. MVBs were initially regarded as purely prelysosomal structures along the degradative endosomal pathway of internalized proteins. MVBs are now known to be involved in numerous endocytic and trafficking functions, including protein sorting, recycling, transport, storage, and release. This review of neuronal MVBs summarizes their research history, morphology, distribution, accumulation of cargo and constitutive proteins, transport, and theories of functions of MVBs in neurons and glia. Due to their complex morphologies, neurons have expanded trafficking and signaling needs, beyond those of "geometrically simpler" cells, but it is not known whether neuronal MVBs perform additional transport and signaling functions. This review examines the concept of compartment-specific MVB functions in endosomal protein trafficking and signaling within synapses, axons, dendrites and cell bodies. We critically evaluate reports of the accumulation of neuronal MVBs based on evidence of stress-induced MVB formation. Furthermore, we discuss potential functions of neuronal and glial MVBs in development, in dystrophic neuritic syndromes, injury, disease, and aging. MVBs may play a role in Alzheimer's, Huntington's, and Niemann-Pick diseases, some types of frontotemporal dementia, prion and virus trafficking, as well as in adaptive responses of neurons to trauma and toxin or drug exposure. Functions of MVBs in neurons have been much neglected, and major gaps in knowledge currently exist. Developing truly MVB-specific markers would help to elucidate the roles of neuronal MVBs in intra-and intercellular signaling of normal and diseased neurons. KeywordsEndosome; Trafficking; Axonal Transport; Sorting; Release; Endocytosis; Degradation Definition of MVBs and scope of this reviewBased on their original discovery and historical tradition, MVBs are defined -as their name implies -by morphological criteria at the ultrastructural level. MVBs appear in ultrathin sections as spherical organelles characterized by a single outer ("limiting") membrane that Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. Cooney et al., 2002). The small vesicles as well as the matrix, the lumenal space between the internal vesicles, are typically clear, but they can be of varying electron densities (Roizin et al., 1967). The internal vesicles can have heterogeneous sizes with a diameter of 50-100 nm, although they frequently are uniform in size, about 60-70 nm in...

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Section: Definition Of Mvbs and Scope Of This Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: History Of Major Conceptsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: History Of Major Conceptsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multivesicular bodies in neurons: Distribution, protein content, and trafficking functions

Bartheld

Altick

2011

Progress in Neurobiology

176

157

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“…The similarity of identity of the sites of adsorptive endocytosis of these heterogeneous ligands (anti-immunoglobulin antibody, lectins, cholera toxin) strongly suggests that adsorptive endo-S. (alveolar macrophages), colloidal thorium oxide (chick sensory ganglia), and dextran (lacrimal and parotid gland) that have been described (23)(24)(25).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Endocytosis of cholera toxin into neuronal GERL.

Joseph¹,

Kim²,

Stieber³

et al. 1978

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…17). Such structures, designated CSB's (C-shaped bodies; Wessels et al, 19741, are considered to be precursors of multivesicular bodies (MVB's) (Holtzman, 1969(Holtzman, , 1971Holtzman and Dominitz, 1968;Holtzman and Peterson, 1969;Birks et al, 1972;Weldon, 1975;and Bunge, 1977). They have been observed in nervous tissue, including neurons of the adrenal medulla and growth cones of cultured nerve cells (Bunge, 1977) as well as in embryonic heart fibroblasts (Wessels et al, 1974).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Endocytic activity in embryonic cardiac cushion mesenchyme in vivo and in collagen gel lattices

1983

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Mesenchymal cells, termed cushion tissue (CT) cells, are the principal cellular elements in atrioventricular (AV) endocardial cushions, the latter constituting AV septal and valvular primordia in the embryonic heart. Atrioventricular canals of 2 1/2 day chick embryo hearts were explanted onto collagen gel lattices, wherein cushion endothelial cells acquired the characteristics of CT cells and invaded the gel. The endocytic activity of in situ CT cells was compared to that of gel-cultured CT cells by exposing appropriate preparations to horseradish peroxidase (HRP), cationized ferritin (CF) or to lysozyme. Stimulation by these exogenous proteins resulted in phagocytosis. In addition, all three markers were associated with coated pits, smooth surfaced vesicles (45-60 nm), C- or cup-shaped structures and other lysosomal elements, but were excluded from Golgi cisternae and their entire vesicle population. In CT cells, HRP does not act solely as a "content" marker that reflects fluid-phase uptake. Instead it appears to follow adsorptive endocytic pathways. The endocytic behavior of in vivo and in vitro cushion tissue cells appears to be the same. Endogenous endocytic activity may reflect in part membrane retrieval, which counterbalances the extensive exocytosis observed in these cells.

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Pinocytotic uptake and intracellular distribution of colloidal thorium dioxide by cultured sensory neurites

Cited by 37 publications

References 30 publications

Multivesicular bodies in neurons: Distribution, protein content, and trafficking functions

Multivesicular bodies in neurons: Distribution, protein content, and trafficking functions

Endocytosis of cholera toxin into neuronal GERL.

Endocytic activity in embryonic cardiac cushion mesenchyme in vivo and in collagen gel lattices

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