Pioneer IMephrologists of Berlin

Self Cite

After X-rays were detected and cystoscopes had become available, progress in nephrology depended on the development of contrast media which would permit imaging of the kidneys and the urinary system. We describe how A. Binz and C. Räth, two chemists at the Agricultural Academy in Berlin, synthesized iodinated derivatives which were potent chemotherapeutics. Moses Swick tested the substances in the clinics of L. Lichtwitz (Hamburg) and A. von Lichtenberg (Berlin) and discovered a rapid renal excretion. He also observed that an iodinated N-acetylated derivative, later named Uro-Selectan, amplified X-ray contrast after intravenous application. With this substance and other derivatives which were produced by Schering-Kahlbaum AG, the door was open for excretion urography.

Section: Imaging Of Structure and Function Of The Urinary Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Discovery of Renal Contrast Media in Berlin

Hierholzer

2002

Self Cite

“…It has been said that, although he did not succeed in doing a human transplantation, Ullmann gave birth to the era of transplantation, stimulated vascular surgery to solve the problem of vascular anastomoses of transplants and stimulated the development of transplantation immunology [12][13][14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Note on the Early History of Renal Transplantation: Emerich (Imre) Ullmann

Nagy¹

1999

In January 1902 at the Vienna Medical Society Meeting, the surgeon Emerich Ullmann reported the first case of renal autotransplantation performed in the neck of a dog. In the same year, he presented the first xenotransplantation of the kidney (a goat with a dog’s kidney). These publications immediately had a great impact on the medical word. After his failed attempt to transplant a pig’s kidney into a young uraemic woman he stopped his research in this field in order to devote himself to other lines of surgical research. However, his idea survived him, because, nowadays, nearly 100 years later, pigs appear to be the most suitable donors for human renal xenotransplantation. Ullmann was born in Pécs, Hungary, on February 23, 1861. After a distinguished undergraduate career in 1878 his father (being also a medical doctor) sent him to study medicine at the world-famous Vienna Medical School. He graduated in 1884 and was immediately invited to the Surgical Department where Billroth worked. Next year, because of his interest in bacteriology he visited Pasteur in Paris and successfully volunteered to serve as a healthy subject to prove the effectiveness of Pasteur’s antisera against rabies. Although Ullmann did not succeed in doing a human transplantation he gave birth to the era of the organ transplantation, stimulated vascular surgery and the development of transplantation immunology.

History of Renal Physiology in Germany during the 19th Century

Hierholzer

Ullrich

1999

The roots of renal physiology in Germany in the last century have been traced. Vitalistic concepts became replaced by physical, chemical and mechanistic laws which govern biological processes. First, the main exponents of renal physiology, J. Henle, C. Ludwig and R.P.H. Heidenhain, are discussed, then the (indirect) contributions of A. Fick, K. Peter, H. Helmholtz, E. du Bois-Reymond, J.L. Schönlein and A. Dohrn are evaluated. The original literature bearing on renal physiology in the 19th century is screened by a survey of publications in Pflügers Archiv and Archiv der experimentellen Pathologie und Pharmakologie. We point to the international cooperation in the field. At the turn of the century, renal function was adequately described by a theory of glomerular filtration, tubular secretion and tubular reabsorption.