Pipeline two-dimensional impact location determination using time of arrival with instant phase (TOAIP) with piezoceramic transducer array

Abstract

An impact event on a pipeline generates stress waves that travel along the pipeline, and the traveling stress waves can be easily detected by distributed piezoceramic transducers. To pinpoint impact location on a pipeline, the time of arrival (TOA) is commonly used and the envelope calculated by the Hilbert transform is an effective method to determine the TOA. However, the envelope used to extract the TOA depends on the manual selection of the trigger threshold. In fact, the instant phase, that changes regularly from -pi to pi as the stress wave travels, is an important characteristic parameter of the signal, and the TOA can be determined by the periodicity of the instant phase. However, this fact has been overlooked in calculating TOA in the literature. In this paper, a new method, time of arrival with instant phase (TOAIP), is developed to calculate the TOA without the need of manual selection of the threshold. Taking into account the non-stationarity of the signal and noise interference, short time window Fourier transform and band-pass filter are utilized to extract the useful signal, the TOA is then determined by using the instant phase which is based both the first zero-crossing point of signal and the periodicity of the phase. In general, most of the pipeline impact localization realize one-dimensional positioning along its length direction. Another novelty of this paper is the development of the two-dimensional impact location (TDIL) that can estimate the impact location information along both length and circumferential directions. Experimental studies based on pipeline with distributed lead zirconate titanate (PZT) transducers mounted on the surface of the pipeline are carried out in this research. Both of physical measurements and inversion results have verified the accuracy and reliability of TOAIP and TDIL on the pipeline.

Monitoring of Epoxy-Grouted Bonding Strength Development between an Anchored Steel Bar and Concrete Using PZT-Enabled Active Sensing

“…Piezoceramic materials, exhibiting piezoelectricity, have been one of the popular materials used in structural health monitoring [27,28,29,30] due to their low cost, fast response [31], embeddability [32,33,34,35], and dual ability of actuation and sensing [36,37,38,39]. Furthermore, because of its strong piezoelectric effect [40,41] and wide bandwidth [42,43,44], Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT) is one of the most commonly used piezoceramic materials, and is frequently utilized for stress wave generation [45,46,47,48] and detection [49,50,51].…”

Impact Localization in Composites Using Time Reversal, Embedded PZT Transducers, and Topological Algorithms

“…However, TOA-based techniques require a relatively large number of receiver transducers measuring the coherent part of the wave field (ballistic wave). Advanced signal processing methods such as peak detection (Castro et al, 2018;Das and Leung, 2018;Zhou et al, 2019), cross-correlation (Kim et al, 2015;Li et al, 2018), Hilbert (Chen et al, 2018;Kim and Yuan, 2018), and wavelet transformation (Bianchi et al, 2015;Zhu et al, 2017) have been employed to extract physical parameters from measured data in order detect AE waves. Nevertheless, the dispersive nature of guided waves, as well as boundary reflections and mode conversion in geometrically complex components can all alter the acquired signal resulting in incorrect TOA estimations (Ciampa and Meo, 2011).…”

Detecting Debonding between Steel Beam and Reinforcing CFRP Plate Using Active Sensing with Removable PZT-Based Transducers

“…Steel structures of various forms are widely used in constructions [1,2], however, with adverse factors such as corrosion [3,4], dynamic loads [5,6], and impacts [7,8], steel structures are subject to damages [9,10]. Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) materials are widely used to retrofit or reinforce damaged steel structures [11][12][13] due to their high strength-to-weight ratio, excellent corrosion resistance, and fast and easy installation.…”