IntroductionEach year, there are about 142,000 new cases of endometrial carcinoma worldwide, and an estimated 42,000 women die because of this type of cancer [1]. The surgical stage, determined according to the criteria of the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics, reflects the 5-year survival, which is around 85% for stage I, 75% for stage II, 45% for stage III, and 25% for stage IV disease [1]. Endometrial cancer is often preceded by endometrial hyperplasia, which is a spectrum of morphologic and biologic alterations of the endometrial glands and stroma and is often secondary to hyperestrogenism. It has been shown that progression to carcinoma occurs in 1% of patients with simple hyperplasia, 3% of patients with complex hyperplasia, 8% of patients with simple hyperplasia with atypia, and 29% of patients with complex hyperplasia with atypia [2].The Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare investigated the effectiveness of mass endometrial carcinoma screening. During the 9-year study, 126 cases were detected by mass screening and 1,069 cases were diagnosed in outpatient clinics. Early-stage cases were significantly more frequent in the screening group (p < 0.001): 88.1% of the patients in the screening group had stage I disease, as compared to 65.3% of the patients in the outpatient group. The 5-year survival rate was also significantly higher in the screening group than in the outpatient group (94.7% vs 84.3%; p = 0.041) [3]. These statistics suggest that early detection of endometrial carcinoma and hyperplasia is necessary to improve the prognosis of these diseases.
AbstractBackground: We compared the sensitivity of 2 diagnostic procedures-tissue biopsy and cytologic examinationfor detecting endometrial carcinoma and hyperplasia in outpatients. The patients' degree of acceptance of these methods was also evaluated.