Pirate Stealth or Inattentional Blindness? The Effects of Target Relevance and Sustained Attention on Security Monitoring for Experienced and Naïve Operators

Näsholm, Erika; Rohlfing, Sarah; Sauer, James D.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0086157

Cited by 20 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…When broken down by participants, approximately 45% (n = 17) of participants in the control condition indicated that they had noticed an unusual item or individual, other than the victims, in the hallway. This detection rate fits with existing literature that suggests about half of all participants would be expected to notice an unexpected stimulus when not under high cognitive load (e.g., Chabris et al, 2011;Liao & Chiang, 2016;Näsholm et al, 2014). However, when asked to provide details of what participants had seen in the video, only one participant indicated that they had noticed the scenario-relevant unexpected stimulus (i.e., the suitcase), while 69% (n = 11) noted that they saw something unusual about the victims or the shooter, 12.5% (n = 2) indicated seeing an unusual item that was not the suitcase, and 19% (n = 3) noted seeing other unusual or unexpected stimuli (e.g., a mannequin and identifying tags worn by volunteers in the video).…”

Section: Datasupporting

confidence: 90%

An Examination of Inattentional Blindness in Law Enforcement in High Stress Situations

Lee¹,

O’Neill²,

Houlihan³

2018

LEEF

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Inattentional blindness, or the inability to visually detect an unexpected stimulus while attending to a task or situation, can have detrimental effects on those who are subject to the phenomenon. This may be particularly true for law enforcement officers, who are often engaged in cognitively demanding tasks that draw their attention away from potentially deadly hazards. This study aimed to look at the effects of inattentional blindness within a group of officers of varying degrees of experience and expertise. The officers were presented with a video-based scenario in which an unexpected stimulus was placed. The control group was asked to attend to a general task, while the experimental group was asked to attend to a specific and more demanding task. Within the context of an active shooter situation, the officers' ability to detect a large black suitcase in a hallway during the video was assessed. Overall rates of unexpected stimuli detection was consistent with existing literature, however detection of the scene-relevant stimulus was lower than expected.

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Section: Datasupporting

confidence: 90%

An Examination of Inattentional Blindness in Law Enforcement in High Stress Situations

Lee¹,

O’Neill²,

Houlihan³

2018

LEEF

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“…Nowadays, many occupations require high levels of vigilance, for example, security personnel [10], employees tasked with monitoring surveillance cameras or baggage screening experts [11], driving vehicles [12], diagnostic medical screening [13], real classroom settings [14], and industrial and air traffic control [15][16][17]. The need to remain alert and situation-aware, and to detect infrequent but critical signals is crucial in a lot of job occupations: A vigilance failure in any of these domains could have dramatic impacts.…”

Section: Current Key Research Points On Vigilancementioning

confidence: 99%

Neurophysiological Vigilance Characterisation and Assessment: Laboratory and Realistic Validations Involving Professional Air Traffic Controllers

Sebastiani¹,

Flumeri

Aricò

et al. 2020

Brain Sciences

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Vigilance degradation usually causes significant performance decrement. It is also considered the major factor causing the out-of-the-loop phenomenon (OOTL) occurrence. OOTL is strongly related to a high level of automation in operative contexts such as the Air Traffic Management (ATM), and it could lead to a negative impact on the Air Traffic Controllers’ (ATCOs) engagement. As a consequence, being able to monitor the ATCOs’ vigilance would be very important to prevent risky situations. In this context, the present study aimed to characterise and assess the vigilance level by using electroencephalographic (EEG) measures. The first study, involving 13 participants in laboratory settings allowed to find out the neurophysiological features mostly related to vigilance decrements. Those results were also confirmed under realistic ATM settings recruiting 10 professional ATCOs. The results demonstrated that (i) there was a significant performance decrement related to vigilance reduction; (ii) there were no substantial differences between the identified neurophysiological features in controlled and ecological settings, and the EEG-channel configuration defined in laboratory was able to discriminate and classify vigilance changes in ATCOs’ vigilance with high accuracy (up to 84%); (iii) the derived two EEG-channel configuration was able to assess vigilance variations reporting only slight accuracy reduction.

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“…Retaining attention above a constant level is of vital importance in many applications. Some examples of entities that need sustained vigilance include pilots in aircraft [1], drivers operating vehicles [2], security forces in defense systems [3], cyber intrusion detection [4], industrial process control settings [5], and real classroom settings [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain Connectivity Analysis Under Semantic Vigilance and Enhanced Mental States

et al. 2019

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In this paper, we present a method to quantify the coupling between brain regions under vigilance and enhanced mental states by utilizing partial directed coherence (PDC) and graph theory analysis (GTA). The vigilance state is induced using a modified version of stroop color-word task (SCWT) while the enhancement state is based on audio stimulation with a pure tone of 250 Hz. The audio stimulation was presented to the right and left ears simultaneously for one-hour while participants perform the SCWT. The quantification of mental states was performed by means of statistical analysis of indexes based on GTA, behavioral responses of time-on-task (TOT), and Brunel Mood Scale (BRMUS). The results show that PDC is very sensitive to vigilance decrement and shows that the brain connectivity network is significantly reduced with increasing TOT, p < 0.05. Meanwhile, during the enhanced state, the connectivity network maintains high connectivity as time passes and shows significant improvements compared to vigilance state. The audio stimulation enhances the connectivity network over the frontal and parietal regions and the right hemisphere. The increase in the connectivity network correlates with individual differences in the magnitude of the vigilance enhancement assessed by response time to stimuli. Our results provide evidence for enhancement of cognitive processing efficiency with audio stimulation. The BRMUS was used to evaluate the emotional states of vigilance task before and after using the audio stimulation. BRMUS factors, such as fatigue, depression, and anger, significantly decrease in the enhancement group compared to vigilance group. On the other hand, happy and calmness factors increased with audio stimulation, p < 0.05.

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Pirate Stealth or Inattentional Blindness? The Effects of Target Relevance and Sustained Attention on Security Monitoring for Experienced and Naïve Operators

Cited by 20 publications

References 38 publications

An Examination of Inattentional Blindness in Law Enforcement in High Stress Situations

An Examination of Inattentional Blindness in Law Enforcement in High Stress Situations

Neurophysiological Vigilance Characterisation and Assessment: Laboratory and Realistic Validations Involving Professional Air Traffic Controllers

Brain Connectivity Analysis Under Semantic Vigilance and Enhanced Mental States

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