“…Thus, the limited capacity of the program based on the IBSE teaching method to deliver the promised learning objectives and competencies may have been mediated, on the one hand, by the lack of changes in the teaching methodologies affecting the majority of Spanish primary and secondary teachers, including science teachers [63], and, on the other hand, by the use of inadequate tests to assess and measure the kind of knowledge and competencies delivered by the IBSE teaching method, which should have formally been incorporated in the last 10 years in Spain, as has happened in many European countries, around key competences [64]. Particularly, one of the seven key competences in the Spanish case, that is, mathematical competence and basic competences in science and technology, including such components of scientific competence, such as evaluating and designing scientific inquiry or interpreting data and evidence scientifically derived from the PISA framework [65], could greatly benefit from the IBSE activities of the program. Nevertheless, such a gain in competences has not been measured by the type of exams implemented, which, consequently, is not mirrored in the final scores.…”