Pistillate flowers experience more pollen limitation and less geitonogamy than perfect flowers in a gynomonoecious herb

Mamut, Jannathan; Xiong, Ying-Ze; Tan, Dunyan; Huang, Shuang‐Quan

doi:10.1111/nph.12525

Cited by 17 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(56 reference statements)

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“…Our ancestral character state reconstruction showed that the reproductive mode monoecy shifted to gynomonoecy; this shift occurs in the nodes involved in the dispersal event with directions north to south. It has been postulated that gynomonoecy (plants have both female flowers and hermaphroditic flowers) benefits outcrossing, as hermaphroditic flowers promote more seeds, whereas female flowers counterbalance the loss of male function through better seed quality (Mamut et al ., ). It is possible that this shift in reproductive mode may have speeded up the establishment of seedlings after the dispersal processes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Based on phylogenetic and biogeographical analyses, we test whether the current disjunct distribution of Munroa is explained by any of the above‐mentioned hypotheses. In a spatio‐temporal framework, we examine whether shifts in attributes, such as ploidy (diploidy to polyploidy; Linder & Barker, ), habit (perennial to annual; Jakob et al ., ), reproductive system (monoecy to gynomonoecy; Mamut et al ., ) or a number of vegetative and floral characters that favour dispersal or establishment in new habitats, occurred at the nodes at which dispersal events happened.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A tale of North and South America: time and mode of dispersal of the amphitropical genusMunroa(Poaceae, Chloridoideae)

et al. 2015

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Plant disjunctions have provided some of the most intriguing distribution patterns historically addressed by biogeographers. We evaluated the three hypotheses that have been postulated to explain these patterns [vicariance, stepping-stone dispersal and long-distance dispersal (LDD)] using Munroa, an American genus of grasses with six species and a disjunct distribution between the desert regions of North and South America. The ages of clades, cytology, ancestral characters and areas of distribution were investigated in order to establish relationships among species, to determine the time of divergence of the genus and its main lineages, and to understand further the biogeographical and evolutionary history of this genus. Bayesian inference recovered the North American M. pulchella as sister species to the rest. Molecular dating and ancestral area analyses suggest that Munroa originated in North America in the late Miocene-Pliocene (7.2 Mya; 8.2-6.5 Mya). Based on these results, we postulate that two dispersal events modelled the current distribution patterns of Munroa: the first from North to South America (7.2 Mya; 8.2-6.5 Mya) and the second (1.8 Mya; 2-0.8 Mya) from South to North America. Arid conditions of the late Miocene-Pliocene in the Neogene and Quaternary climatic oscillations in North America and South America were probably advantageous for the establishment of populations of Munroa. We did not find any relationship between ploidy and dispersal events, and our ancestral character analyses suggest that shifts associated with dispersal and seedling establishment, such as habit, reproductive system, disarticulation of rachilla, and shape and texture of the glume, have been important in these species reaching new areas.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A tale of North and South America: time and mode of dispersal of the amphitropical genusMunroa(Poaceae, Chloridoideae)

et al. 2015

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“…By contrast, outside of the Asteraceae, gynomonoecy is found in only 3% of angiosperm genera (Torices et al., ). In some of these cases, gynomonoecy is functional, and rather than female flowers with no trace of stamens as in Asteraceae, these species present sterile anthers or staminodes in their female flowers (Bernardello et al., ; Méndez and Munzinger, ; Mamut et al., ). In other cases, gynomonoecy occurs as a manifestation of polymorphic sexual systems in dioecious species (Koelewijn and Van Damme, ; Onodera et al., ; Casimiro‐Soriguer et al., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Mendelian inheritance of gynomonoecy: insights from Anacyclus hybridizing species

Álvarez

Agudo

Herrero

et al. 2020

American J of Botany

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Citation: Álvarez, I., A. B. Agudo, A. Herrero, and R. Torices. 2020. The Mendelian inheritance of gynomonoecy: insights from Anacyclus hybridizing species. PREMISE:Gynomonoecy is an infrequent sexual system in angiosperms, although widely represented within the Asteraceae family. Currently, the hypothesis of two nuclear loci controling gynomonoecy is the most accepted. However, the genic interactions are still uncertain. Anacyclus clavatus, A. homogamos, and A. valentinus differ in their sexual system and floral traits. Here, we investigate the inheritance of gynomonoecy in this model system to understand its prevalence in the family. METHODS:We selected six natural populations (two per species) for intra-and interspecific experimental crosses, and generated a total of 1123 individuals from the F 1 generation, F 2 , and backcrosses for sexual system characterization. The frequency of gynomonoecy observed for each cross was tested to fit different possible hypotheses of genic interaction. Additionally, the breeding system and the degree of reproductive isolation between these species were assessed. RESULTS: Complementary epistasis, in which two dominant alleles are required for trait expression, explained the frequencies of gynomonoecy observed across all generations. The heterozygosity inferred in Anacyclus valentinus, as well as its lower and variable seed set, is congruent with its hybrid origin.CONCLUSIONS: In our model system gynomonoecy is controlled by complementary epistasis of two genes. A common origin of this sexual system in Asteraceae, in which genic duplications, mutations, and hybridization between lineages played a key role, is hypothesized whereas independent evolutionary pathways and possibly diverse underlying genetic factors are suggested for gynomonoecy expression in other angiosperm families.

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“…Hermaphroditism, coupled with production of multiple flowers per individual and the composite nature of individual flowers (perianth whorls, androecium, and gynoecium), allows considerable scope for plastic and evolutionary modification of the organization of female and male functions on individual plants (see Lloyd and Bawa 1984;Diggle et al 2011;Torices et al 2011;Diggle 2014). Importantly, this combination of characters enables division of labor among flowers, including pollinator attraction (bisexual and sterile flowers: Morales et al 2013) and the sex roles (e.g., Harder et al 2000;Vallejo-Marín and Rausher 2007a, b;Mamut et al 2014), and reduces sexual interference (Barrett 2002b).…”

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confidence: 99%

Mating consequences of contrasting hermaphroditic plant sexual systems

2018

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For hermaphroditic angiosperms with multiple flowers, the sex roles can be exclusively combined in bisexual flowers (monocliny), strictly separated among different flowers (monoecy), or arrayed in mixtures of bisexual flowers with female flowers (gynomonoecy) or male flowers (andromonoecy). The hypothesized benefits favoring the evolution of these contrasting hermaphroditic sexual systems are typically examined individually, usually by assessing success through only one sex role. We tested predictions of most hypotheses experimentally with an andromonoecious species, Anticlea occidentalis (Melanthiaceae), based on the performance of intact plants (andromonoecy) and those with emasculated bisexual flowers (functionally monoecious) or emasculated male flowers (functionally monoclinous with sterile peripheral flowers). Andromonoecy in this species enables efficient, size-dependent resource allocation, emphasizing female function in large plants. Emasculation revealed that anthers in male flowers promote female mating quality (outcrossing rate and mate diversity), whereas anthers in bisexual flowers promote male mating quantity (pollen dispersal distance and probability of any siring success). Thus, different hermaphroditic sexual systems likely evolve to capitalize on suites of benefits, rather than just one, and provide compromises between quantitative and qualitative reproductive components. These compromises apparently maximize an individual's combined genetic contributions through female and male functions, rather than separate contributions through each sex role.

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Pistillate flowers experience more pollen limitation and less geitonogamy than perfect flowers in a gynomonoecious herb

Cited by 17 publications

References 33 publications

A tale of North and South America: time and mode of dispersal of the amphitropical genusMunroa(Poaceae, Chloridoideae)

A tale of North and South America: time and mode of dispersal of the amphitropical genusMunroa(Poaceae, Chloridoideae)

The Mendelian inheritance of gynomonoecy: insights from Anacyclus hybridizing species

Mating consequences of contrasting hermaphroditic plant sexual systems

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