Pit crater formation on Kilauea volcano, Hawaii.

Okubo, C. H.; Martel, Stephen J.

doi:10.1016/s0377-0273(98)00070-5

Cited by 143 publications

(112 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…[13] Some terrestrial pit craters found in Hawaii are visibly similar to our candidates [Okubo and Martel, 1998]. These form in young basalt with walls that collapse inward over short geologic timescales.…”

Section: Formation Mechanismssupporting

confidence: 59%

“…It's also possible that these candidates are much older and fairly stable, and might be a halted intermediate stage in pit-crater formation. In either case, some of these Hawaiian pits such as 'Devil's Throat' [Okubo and Martel, 1998] may still be excellent terrestrial analogues (the Hawaiian pits do not open into cavernous spaces, but have been observed to crosscut lava tubes). Some suggested causes for Martian pit-crater chains include dike intrusion [e.g., Wilson and Head, 2002;Scott et al, 2002], and collapsed magma chambers [Mege et al, 2000].…”

Section: Formation Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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THEMIS observes possible cave skylights on Mars

Cushing

Titus

Wynne

et al. 2007

Geophysical Research Letters

142

100

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[1] Seven possible skylight entrances into Martian caves were observed on and around the flanks of Arsia Mons by the Mars Odyssey Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS). Distinct from impact craters, collapse pits or any other surface feature on Mars, these candidates appear to be deep dark holes at visible wavelengths while infrared observations show their thermal behaviors to be consistent with subsurface materials. Diameters range from 100 m to 225 m, and derived minimum depths range between 68 m and 130 m. Most candidates seem directly related to pitcraters, and may have formed in a similar manner with overhanging ceilings that remain intact.

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Section: Formation Mechanismssupporting

confidence: 59%

Section: Formation Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

THEMIS observes possible cave skylights on Mars

Cushing

Titus

Wynne

et al. 2007

Geophysical Research Letters

142

100

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show abstract

“…These craters are similar in diameter to some Kīlauea subaerial pit craters but are ~100 m deeper. Hawaiian pit craters are thought to form when magma in a shallow reservoir is erupted or intruded laterally within the volcano (e.g., Okubo and Martel, 1998). The presence in the pit craters walls of thick sections of columnar joints (>20 m), rare in…”

Section: Morphology and Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

Geology, geochemistry and earthquake history of Lṑihi Seamount, Hawaìi's youngest volcano

et al. 2006

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A half century of investigations are summarized here on the youngest Hawaiian volcano, Lō`ihi Seamount. It was discovered in 1952 following an earthquake swarm. Surveying in 1954 determined it has an elongate shape, which is the meaning of its Hawaiian name. Lō`ihi was mostly forgotten until two earthquake swarms in the 1970's led to a dredging expedition in 1978, which recovered young lavas. This led to numerous expeditions to investigate the geology, geophysics, and geochemistry of this active volcano. Geophysical monitoring, including a realtime submarine observatory that continuously monitored Lō`ihi's seismic activity for three months, captured some of the volcano's earthquake swarms. The 1996 swarm, the largest recorded in Hawai`i, was preceded by at least one eruption and accompanied by the formation of a ~300-m deep pit crater, renewing interest in this submarine volcano. Seismic and petrologic data indicate that magma was stored in a ~8-9 km deep reservoir prior to the 1996 eruption.Studies on Lō`ihi have altered conceptual models for the growth of Hawaiian and other oceanic island volcanoes and led to a refined understanding of mantle plumes. Petrologic and geochemical studies of Lō`ihi lavas showed that the volcano taps a relatively primitive part of the Hawaiian plume, producing a wide range of magma compositions. These compositions have become progressively more silica-saturated with time reflecting higher degrees of partial melting as the volcano drifts towards the center of the hotspot. Seismic and bathymetric data have highlighted the importance of landsliding in the early formation of an ocean island volcano.Lō`ihi's internal structure and eruptive behavior, however, cannot be fully understood without installing monitoring equipment directly on the volcano.

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“…Stoping over individual dikes may contribute to collapse of pit craters and troughs of limited size (here in stage 1) following a mechanism described by Okubo & Martel (1998). …”

Section: Evidence For Radiating Dike Swarms On Venus and Their Physicmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mège & Masson 1996a) or stoping of the overlying crust into a subsurface dike magma (Okubo & Martel 1998). However, the larger collapse fea tures, especially those on Mars, seem to require a larger underlying magma body into which the overlying crust collapses, in a caldera-collapse style (Roche et al 2000).…”

Section: Surface Signature Of Planetary Dike Swarms: Synthesis Of Obsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Giant Dike Swarms: Earth, Venus, and Mars

Ernst

Grosfils

Mège

2001

Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci.

300

137

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▪ Abstract Earth, Venus, and Mars all exhibit populations of giant (radiating, linear, and arcuate) mafic dike swarms hundreds to >2000 km in length. On Earth the dikes are exposed by erosion, while on Venus and Mars their presence is mainly inferred from associated volcanic morphology and surface deformation. The apparent absence of plate tectonics in the geologic record of Venus and Mars means that the observed population of swarms remains geometrically intact, while on Earth plate tectonics has fragmented swarms. About 30 giant radiating swarms have so far been identified on Earth, but with further study the number is expected to rise and may eventually coincide with the hundreds of mantle plume head events now being proposed. On Venus, at least 118 radiating swarms are distributed across the planet, and new high resolution mapping is revealing additional swarms. On Mars, up to 16 giant dike swarms are observed, most associated with the Tharsis region.

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Pit crater formation on Kilauea volcano, Hawaii.

Cited by 143 publications

References 19 publications

THEMIS observes possible cave skylights on Mars

THEMIS observes possible cave skylights on Mars

Geology, geochemistry and earthquake history of Lṑihi Seamount, Hawaìi's youngest volcano

Giant Dike Swarms: Earth, Venus, and Mars

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