Pitfalls of local and quantitative phase analysis in partially stabilized zirconia

Abstract

When the formulae for calculating the interplanar spacing d 0 hkl for the seven primary lattices among the 14 Bravais lattices are used for crystal structures containing an additional atom, d 0 hkl must be corrected by multiplying by a correction coefficient. Based on a simple principle of analytical geometry, a new position-factor method has been developed to calculate these correction coefficients. The position factor P [where P = hx + ky + lz = s + m/q, the scalar product of the position (x, y, z) of an additional atom in a unit cell and any plane (hkl) passing through the additional atom] indicates the following characteristics of the (hkl) plane: whether there is an additional plane (m 6 ¼ 0) or not (m = 0), what the correction coefficient (m/q) is for the interplanar spacing if m 6 ¼ 0, and what the distance [(s + m/q)d 0 hkl ] is from the plane to the origin. In order to provide two examples of calculations using P, six possible interplanar spacings were obtained for a hexagonal close-packed crystal, and four possible interplanar spacings and the structure factor were obtained for a diamond crystal. In addition, the 12 undetermined plane indices in X-ray diffraction card 1-1249 (PDF-2, ICDD, Newtown Square, PA, USA) for diamond were determined using the new calculation.

Forming Complex Graded and Homogeneous Components by Joining Simple Presintered Parts of TRIP-Matrix Composite through Powder Forging

“…This, in turn, is attributable to the lower average atomic number of the compound. Within the zirconia particles, the black spots are mainly MgO, which is precipitated at the internal interfaces as reported elsewhere [33]. Furthermore, only a small monoclinic phase fraction is visible in the particles (see Figure 8b,c), because the monoclinic phase appears brighter in the image than the initial phase.…”

Oriented Nucleation of both Ge-Fresnoite and Benitoite/BaGe4O9 during the Surface Crystallisation of Glass Studied by Electron Backscatter Diffraction

“…~0.14%. Some work concerning a similar problem with cubic zirconia compared to tetragonal zirconia, which has only a slight tetragonal distortion, has been presented by Martin et al 46.…”

Microstructure Changes in TRIP Steel/Mg‐PSZ Composites Induced by Low Compressive Deformation

“…These m‐ZrO 2 crystallites did not undergo the phase transition from c/t‐ZrO 2 to m‐ZrO 2 during the deformation process, but they were already present in the initial zirconia powder or occurred as a consequence of the decomposition of c/t‐(Zr,Mg)O 2 into m‐ZrO 2 and MgO during sintering . Vice versa the local appearance of m‐ZrO 2 is controlled by a different amount of the Mg stabilizer that results in different driving forces for the t‐ZrO 2 → m‐ZrO 2 transformation, as well . As these originally monoclinic zirconia particles do not transform during the deformation process, they cannot contribute to an enhanced plasticity of the TRIP steel matrix by generating an additional internal strain.…”

“…The c‐ZrO 2 and t‐ZrO 2 phases were not treated separately, but as a cubic phase, because of the crystallographic similarity. In general, XRD is capable of distinguishing these two phases, but due to the small amount of Mg‐PSZ, the intensities are too low to separate them properly …”