Pitting Corrosion of a Low Carbon Steel in Corrosive Environments: Experiments and Models

Kolawole, Shola Kolade; Kolawole, Funsho Olaitan; Enegela, O.P.; Adewoye, O. O.; Soboyejo, A. B. O.; Soboyejo, Winston O.

doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1132.349

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 6 publications

(4 reference statements)

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Although carbon steel is unable to form the type of tenacious passive films observed in stainless steels, due to its nil or insignificant content of elements such as Cr, Mo, and Ni, the formation of passive film(s) on carbon steel [94][95][96] in a variety of alkaline solutions has been reported. The observed incidence of pitting corrosion in carbon steel samples exposed to fruit juices and HCl solutions in this work is consistent with the earlier reports [97][98][99][100][101] of pitting corrosion in carbon steel exposed to acidic solutions. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS) was carried out on selected areas and points on the surfaces of carbon steel samples immersed in the different test media and some of the data presented as elemental maps (Figure 6) for carbon steel in tomato juice, mapping (Figures 6-9) indicate that in all the media tested, post-exposure carbon stee surfaces were covered with a thin oxide layer even when "an aggregation" of corrosion products is not observed.…”

Section: Results From Scanning Electron Microscopysupporting

confidence: 93%

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Comparative Gravimetric Studies on Carbon Steel Corrosion in Selected Fruit Juices and Acidic Chloride Media (HCl) at Different pH

Ofoegbu

2021

Materials

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Food contamination due to metal corrosion and the consequent leakage of metals into foods is a problem. Understanding the mechanism(s) of metal corrosion in food media is vital to evaluating, mitigating, and predicting contamination levels. Fruit juices have been employed as model corrosive media to study the corrosion behaviour of metallic material in food media. Carbon steel corrosion in fresh juices of tomato, orange, pineapple, and lemon, as well as dilute hydrochloric acid solutions at varied pH, was studied using scanning electron microscopy, gravimetric and spectrophotometric techniques, and comparisons made between the corrosivity of these juices and mineral acids of comparable pH. The corrosion of carbon steel in fruit juices and HCl solutions manifests as a combination of uniform and pitting corrosion. Gravimetric data acquired after one hour of immersion at ambient temperature (22 °C) indicated corrosion rates of 0.86 mm yr−1 in tomato juice (pH ≈ 4.24), 1.81 mm yr−1 in pineapple juice (pH ≈ 3.94), 1.52 mm yr−1 in orange juice (pH ≈ 3.58), and 2.89 mm yr−1 in lemon juice (pH ≈ 2.22), compared to 2.19 mm yr−1 in 10−2 M HCl (pH ≈ 2.04), 0.38 mm yr−1 in 10−3 M HCl (pH ≈ 2.95), 0.17 mm yr−1 in 10−4 M HCl (pH ≈ 3.95), and 0.04 mm yr−1 in 10−5 M HCl (pH ≈ 4.98). The correlation of gravimetrically acquired corrosion data with post-exposure spectrophotometric analysis of fruit juices enabled de-convolution of iron contamination rates from carbon steel corrosion rates in fruit juices. Elemental iron contamination after 50 h of exposure to steel samples was much less than the values predicted from corrosion data (≈40%, 4.02%, 8.37%, and 9.55% for tomato, pineapple, orange, and lemon juices, respectively, relative to expected values from corrosion (weight loss) data). Tomato juice (pH ≈ 4.24) was the least corrosive to carbon steel compared to orange juice (pH ≈ 3.58) and pineapple juice (pH ≈ 3.94). The results confirm that though the fruit juices are acidic, they are generally much less corrosive to carbon steel compared to hydrochloric acid solutions of comparable pH. Differences in the corrosion behaviour of carbon steel in the juices and in the different mineral acid solutions are attributed to differences in the compositions and pH of the test media, the nature of the corrosion products formed, and their dissolution kinetics in the respective media. The observation of corrosion products (iron oxide/hydroxide) in some of the fruit juices (tomato, pineapple, and lemon juices) in the form of apparently hollow microspheres indicates the feasibility of using fruit juices and related wastes as “green solutions” for the room-temperature and hydrothermal synthesis of metal oxide/hydroxide particles.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Results From Scanning Electron Microscopysupporting

confidence: 93%

Comparative Gravimetric Studies on Carbon Steel Corrosion in Selected Fruit Juices and Acidic Chloride Media (HCl) at Different pH

Ofoegbu

2021

Materials

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“…It can also be seen that the I corr increased slightly at a longer RASP time, the increasing corrosion rate can be attributed to the microscopic changes of the samples. The carbon steel which differs from a passive material, like a stainless steel, is a material with active dissolution behavior [23,24]. When we estimate its corrosion resistance, the primary factor parameter is the I corr , followed by the E corr .…”

Section: Potentiodynamic Polarization Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Corrosion Resistance of SA106B Low-Carbon Steel Fabricated by Rotationally Accelerated Shot Peening

Lei

Chen

et al. 2019

Metals

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The corrosion resistance of a SA106B carbon steel with a gradient nanostructure fabricated by rotationally accelerated shot peening (RASP) for 5, 10, 15 and 20 min was investigated. Electrochemical tests were carried out in the 0.05 M H 2 SO 4 + 0.05 M Na 2 SO 4 and 0.2 M NaCl + 0.05 M Na 2 SO 4 solutions. The experimental results showed that the sample RASP-processed for 5 min exhibited the best corrosion resistance among them. TEM analysis confirmed that the cementite dissolution and formation of nanograins, which improved the corrosion resistance of the steel. Prominent micro-cracks and holes were produced in the samples when the RASP was processed for more than 5 min, resulting in the decrease of corrosion resistance.

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“…Corrosion damage seriously reduces the strength and service life of pipelines in oil and gas fields, which makes the problem of pipeline corrosion increasingly serious (Soares et al, 2009;Jiménez-Come et al, 2012). Among all corrosion types, pitting corrosion is one of the most destructive and dangerous corrosion forms (Bhandari et al, 2015;Kolawole et al, 2016). After oil and gas pipeline corrosion and perforation, the leaked oil and gas will seriously pollute the environment and have the possibility of explosion, which directly and indirectly leads to serious economic losses and restricts the development of oil and gas industries (Ghidini and Donne, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pitting Judgment Model Based on Machine Learning and Feature Optimization Methods

Tang²,

Wang

et al. 2021

Front. Mater.

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Pitting corrosion seriously harms the service life of oil field gathering and transportation pipelines, which is an important subject of corrosion prevention. In this study, we collected the corrosion data of pipeline steel immersion experiment and established a pitting judgment model based on machine learning algorithm. Feature reduction methods, including feature importance calculation and pearson correlation analysis, were first adopted to find the important factors affecting pitting. Then, the best input feature set for pitting judgment was constructed by combining feature combination and feature creation. Through receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and area under curve (AUC) calculation, random forest algorithm was selected as the modeling algorithm. As a result, the pitting judgment model based on machine learning and high dimensional feature parameters (i.e., material factors, solution factors, environment factors) showed good prediction accuracy. This study provided an effective means for processing high-dimensional and complex corrosion data, and proved the feasibility of machine learning in solving material corrosion problems.

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Pitting Corrosion of a Low Carbon Steel in Corrosive Environments: Experiments and Models

Cited by 9 publications

References 6 publications

Comparative Gravimetric Studies on Carbon Steel Corrosion in Selected Fruit Juices and Acidic Chloride Media (HCl) at Different pH

Comparative Gravimetric Studies on Carbon Steel Corrosion in Selected Fruit Juices and Acidic Chloride Media (HCl) at Different pH

Enhanced Corrosion Resistance of SA106B Low-Carbon Steel Fabricated by Rotationally Accelerated Shot Peening

Pitting Judgment Model Based on Machine Learning and Feature Optimization Methods

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