Pitting Corrosion of Biomedical Titanium and Titanium Alloys: A Brief Review

Abstract

Abstract:: Thanks to their excellent corrosion resistance, superior mechanical properties and good biocompatibility, titanium (Ti) and Ti alloys are extensively applied in biomedical fields. Pitting corrosion is a critical consideration for the reliability of Ti and Ti alloys used in the human body. Therefore, this article focuses on the pitting corrosion of Ti and Ti alloys, which introduces the growth stages of pitting corrosion and its main influencing factors. Three stages, i.e. (1) breakdown of passive film, (1) metastable pitting, and (3) propagation of pitting, are roughly divided to introduce the pitting corrosion. As reviewed, corrosive environment, applied potential, temperature and alloy compositions are the main factors affecting the pitting corrosion of Ti and Ti alloys. Moreover, the pitting corrosion of different types Ti alloys are also reviewed to correlate the types of Ti alloys and the main factors of pitting corrosion. Roughly speaking, β-type Ti alloys have the best pitting corrosion resistance among the three types of Ti alloys.

Effects of oxygen adsorption on the corrosion behavior of the Ti(0001) surface: a DFT investigation

“…29 When the oxide film is destroyed, the Ti metal is pitted. 30 If the Ti metal is re-exposed to oxygen-containing corrosion solutions, the dissolved Ti ions rapidly react with oxygen to form a new oxide film, and the oxygen adsorbed in the pitting cavity also forms a new oxide film. As a result, the Ti metal is again separated from the corrosive media to achieve the self-healing of the passivation film.…”

A state-of-the-art review of the fabrication and characteristics of titanium and its alloys for biomedical applications

“…Accordingly, it has been proven that Ti–6Al–4V has higher corrosion resistance compared to titanium alloyed with elements such as Co and Cr alloys, while pure titanium has higher pitting corrosion resistance rate. The β-phase stabilizing elements, such as Mo and V, improve the stress corrosion cracking of titanium owing to the increased heat treatment capability [ 193 – 195 ].…”

Response of the Metastable Pitting Corrosion of Laser Powder Bed Fusion Produced Ti–6Al–4V to H+ Concentration Changes

“…Pitting corrosion exists in various fields, and frequently occurs on the surface of easily passivated metals [1][2][3]. As a complex corrosion process, pitting corrosion is influenced by many factors, including temperature, aggressive ions, applied potential, and so on [1,4].…”

“…Pitting corrosion exists in various fields, and frequently occurs on the surface of easily passivated metals [1][2][3]. As a complex corrosion process, pitting corrosion is influenced by many factors, including temperature, aggressive ions, applied potential, and so on [1,4]. Many years have passed since relative pitting corrosion research began, with a large portion of this research focusing on the characteristics of the passive film and metastable pitting corrosion (the transition state before stable pitting corrosion) [4][5][6][7].…”

“…Furthermore, these advantages also determine many application scenarios for LPBFed Ti-6Al-4V, which indicates that LPBFed Ti-6Al-4V most likely needs to be applied in acidic environments. Moreover, pitting corrosion has been found in LPBFed Ti-6Al-4V used in many applications, which limits its future development [1,6,8,10,[19][20][21].…”