Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide and Its Receptors: 20 Years after the Discovery

Role of transglutaminase 2 in PAC1 receptor mediated protection against hypoxia-induced cell death and neurite outgrowth in differentiating N2a neuroblastoma cells

“…Of particular interest to the current study is pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP), which is widely distributed in the brain and peripheral organs and displays high affinity for the PAC1 receptor (Vaudry et al, 2009). The PAC1 receptor is a member of the GPCR superfamily which activates adenylyl cyclase/cAMP/PKA (via Gsprotein coupling) and phospholipase C/DAG/PKC (via Gq-protein coupling) dependent signalling pathways (Dickson and Finlayson, 2009;Vaudry et al, 2009).…”

“…The PAC1 receptor is a member of the GPCR superfamily which activates adenylyl cyclase/cAMP/PKA (via Gsprotein coupling) and phospholipase C/DAG/PKC (via Gq-protein coupling) dependent signalling pathways (Dickson and Finlayson, 2009;Vaudry et al, 2009). The PAC1 receptor also triggers the activation of several other protein kinase cascades such as ERK1/2, JNK1/2, p38 MAPK and PKB (Monaghan et al, 2008;May et al, 2010, Castorina et al 2014.…”

Characterizations of a synthetic pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide analog displaying potent neuroprotective activity and reduced in vivo cardiovascular side effects in a Parkinson's disease model

“…As a matter of fact, it was previously shown that pre-treatments with PACAP, as well as co-treatments, were able to protect significantly SH-SY5Y cells against various neurotoxic agents, including MPP + (Brown et al, 2013(Brown et al, , 2014Doan et al, 2011;Vaudry et al, 2009). Nevertheless, in the in vivo model, we investigated the effectiveness of the peptides after MPTP administration to mice to explore PACAP neuroprotection at a later step of MPTP action.…”

“…Among the listed PACAP actions, vasorelaxation and tachycardia are well documented (Vaudry et al, 2009). Thus, MAP and HR were monitored right after PACAP38 or Ac-[Phe(pI) 6 ,…”

“…Particularly, using pharmacological tools and transgenic animals, it was demonstrated that three distinct G protein-coupled receptors i.e. PAC1, VPAC1 and VPAC2 mediate the effects of PACAP (Vaudry et al, 2009;Vaudry et al, 2000). The anti-apoptotic actions mainly rely on the PAC1 receptor, while the anti-inflammatory activities are mostly M A N U S C R I P T…”