Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide (PACAP) Induces Relaxations of Peripheral and Cerebral Arteries, which are Differentially Impaired by Aging

Backup Mechanisms Maintain PACAP/VIP-Induced Arterial Relaxations in Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide-Deficient Mice

“…These diverse functions also include potent vasomotor effects [17,18]. There are studies showing relaxations to both PACAP isoforms and VIP in vessels of different origin, such as carotid [23], pulmonary [24], mesenteric and coronary [38], meningeal [20], cerebral and intracerebral [21,22], and middle cerebral arteries [10] of various species. Similarly, we also observed relaxations, which were significantly greater in response to PACAP1-38 as compared to PACAP1-27 and VIP in both arteries of WT mice.…”

“…However, the same authors also found that PACAP1-38 was less potent than VIP or PACAP1-27 in porcine coronary arteries, suggesting region-specific PACAP signaling in vasomotor responses. Indeed, vessels originating from different regions can respond to the same stimulus with different magnitudes [23], or react differently even if vessels are from the same organ, such as the brain [10]. Although different in origin, CA and FA are considered to be “large arteries” as compared to “small” brain arteries, for example.…”

“…LabChart 8 (AD Instruments, Dunedin, New Zealand) and Myodaq 2.01 (Danish Myo Technology) software were used for data acquisition and display, as described previously [23]. After normalization, vessels were allowed to stabilize for 60 min, then 60 m M of KCl was administered to establish a tone [23,36]. Once the vessel reached the plateau phase, the chosen drug was tested.…”

“…The vasodilator activity of PACAP has been recorded in vessels of various organs in mice [20], rats [21,22,23], cats [15,24], rabbits [25], dogs [21], pigs [18], and humans [26]. These actions are mediated through all 3 PACAP receptors, which are highly expressed (alone/combined or all together) in the aorta [27], mesenteric [25], coronary [28], cranial arteries [10], pulmonary vascular bed [15], and many other blood vessels [1,29].…”

A hypophysis adenilát-cikláz aktiváló polipeptid (PACAP) hatása a kardiovaszkuláris rendszerre

“…Nemcsak a centrális, hanem a perifériás ereken is vizsgálták a PACAP vazodilatátor effektusát. Kutatócsopor-tunk korábban patkány carotis és basilaris érpreparátu-mok vizsgálata alapján megállapította, hogy a PACAP feltehetőleg nagyobb hatással bír a centrális artériákon a perifériásokhoz képest, továbbá ezen vazodilatátor hatása korfüggő és szövetspecifi kus (21). Ugyanakkor PACAP-defi ciens egerek carotis és femoralis artériájában exogén PACAP és VIP indukálta relaxáció vizsgálatának során a PACAP-defi ciens egereknél szignifi kánsan nagyobb mértékű relaxációt detektál-tak miográffal a vad típushoz képest.…”