Pituitary and liver selenoprotein transcriptome profiles of grazing steers and their sensitivity to the form of selenium in vitamin-mineral mixes

Abstract

Many supplemental Se-dependent metabolic effects are mediated through the function of selenoproteins. The full complement and relative abundance of selenoproteins expressed by highly metabolic cattle tissues have not been characterized in cattle. The complement and number of selenoprotein mRNA transcripts expressed by the pituitary and liver of healthy growing beef steers (n = 7 to 8) was characterized using NanoString methodology (Study 1). Of the 25 known bovine selenoproteins, 24 (all but SELENOH) were expressed by the pituitary and 23 (all but SELENOH and SELENOV) by the liver. Transcript abundance ranged (P ≤ 0.05) over 5 orders of magnitude in the pituitary (> 10,000 for GPX3, < 10 for DIO1 and GPX2) and liver (> 35,000 for SELENOP, < 10 for DIO2). Also unknown is the sensitivity of the selenoprotein transcriptome to the form of supplemental Se. The effect of form of supplemental Se on the relative content of selenoprotein mRNA species in the pituitary and liver of steers grazing a Se-deficient (0.07 ppm Se) tall fescue pasture and consuming 85 g/d of a basal vitamin-mineral mix that contained 35 ppm Se as either ISe (n = 6), organically-bound Se (SELPLEX; OSe, n = 7 to 8), or a 1:1 blend of ISe and OSe (MIX, n = 7 to 8) was determined by RT-PCR after sequence-validating the 25 bovine selenoprotein cDNA products (Study 2). In the pituitary, Se form affected (P < 0.05) the relative content of 9 selenoprotein mRNAs and 2 selenoprotein P receptor mRNAs in a manner consistent with a greater capacity to manage against oxidative damage, maintain cellular redox balance, and have a better control of protein-folding in the pituitaries of OSe and MIX versus ISe steers. In the liver, expression of 5 selenoprotein mRNA was affected (P ≤ 0.05) in a manner consistent with MIX steers having greater redox signaling capacity and capacity to manage oxidative damage than ISe steers. We conclude that inclusion of 3 mg Se/d as OSe or MIX versus ISe, forms of supplemental Se in vitamin-mineral mixes alters the selenoprotein transcriptome in a beneficial manner in both the pituitary and liver of growing steers consuming toxic endophyte-infected tall fescue.

Gene expression profiling indicates a shift in ammonia assimilation capacity along the hepatic acinus induced by different forms of selenium in vitamin–mineral mixes fed to beef steers grazing on toxic endophyte-infected tall fescue

“…That is, selenoprotein P (SelP) constitutes 50% of plasma Se (Burk and Hill, 2005), and hepatic SelP is a circulating source of Se for tissues, the levels of which increase in response to Se deficiency and decrease in response to Se surfeit (Labunskyy et al, 2014;Burk and Hill, 2015). With regard to the effect of supplemental Se treatment on hepatic SelP mRNA content in the present study, microarray analysis revealed that there was no treatment effect (p > 0.49, data not shown) and RT-PCR analysis found that Se treatment also did not affect hepatic SelP mRNA content (Li et al, 2022).…”

Transcriptomic Changes in Response to Form of Selenium on the Interferon-Tau Signaling Mechanism in the Caruncular Tissue of Beef Heifers at Maternal Recognition of Pregnancy

“…The physiological relevance of Se was initially identified as a necessary structural component of glutathione peroxidases (GPX; [7]), a group of selenoproteins with antioxidant activities that catalyze harmful hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) into water (H 2 O [8]). Presently, there are 25 selenoprotein genes identified in humans [8] and pigs [9], and 25 selenoproteins that we routinely investigate in cattle [10,11]. Many selenoproteins, including selenoprotein H (SELENOH [12]), selenoprotein K (SELENOK [13]), selenoprotein M (SELENOM [14]), selenoprotein P (SELENOP [15]), selenoprotein R (SELENOR [16]), and selenoprotein W (SELENOW [17]), have been identified or proposed to have antioxidant capabilities.…”