The frequency of pituitary adenomas was recorded in a consecutive autopsy series of men more than 40 years of age. Among 170 individuals, not previously subjected to prostatic surgery or treatment with oestrogenic hormones, pituitary adenomas were observed in 33 patients (19.4 per cent). The adenomas were mostly small, occupying less than 5 per cent of the section area of the adenohypophysis, and were preferably either chromophobe or mixed acidophil/chromophobe. Using multiple regression analysis, the presence of pituitary adenoma was analysed in relation to the histology of the prostate and several other factors. Pituitary adenomas occurred more frequently in relation to prostatic carcinoma than to other histological groups, and did not show a significant relationship to other factors tested.