Pituitary tumors arising from glycoprotein hormone α-subunit-deficient mice contain transcription factors and receptors present in thyrotropes

Abstract

Glycoprotein-hormone alpha-subunit deficient (alphaSUnull) mice are hypothyroid and hypogonadal due to the absence of functional TSH, LH and FSH, despite normal production of the corresponding beta subunits. Pituitary tumors spontaneously developing in alphaSUnull mice were propagated in hypothyroid mice. The purpose of the current studies was to compare the gene expression profile of these alphaSUnull tumors with previously characterized TtT-97 thyrotropic tumors. A group of animals bearing each tumor type was treated with thyroid hormone (T4) prior to tumor removal. Both tumor types equally expressed TSHbeta mRNA, which significantly decreased when exposed to T4, whereas alpha-subunit mRNA was absent in alphaSUnull tumors. Northern blot analysis was performed using cDNA probes for the following transcription factors: Pit1, GATA2, pLIM, Msx1, Ptx1 and Ptx2. Both tumors were found to contain identical transcripts with similar responses to T4, with the exception of Pit1. In contrast to the signal pattern seen in TtT-97, only two bands were seen in alphaSUnull tumors, which were similar in size to those in alphaTSH cells, a thyrotropic cell line that lacks TSHbeta-subunit expression and Pit1 protein. However, western blot analysis revealed a protein band in the alphaSUnull tumors consistent with Pit1, while this signal was absent in alphaTSH cells. Northern blot analysis was also performed with specific cDNA probes for the following receptors: TRbeta1, TRbeta2, TRalpha1, non-T3 binding alpha2, RXRgamma and Sst5. Similarly-sized transcripts were found in both types of tumor, although the signal for Sst5 was seen in T4-treated alphaSUnull tumors only with a more sensitive RT-PCR analysis. The overall similarity between the two tumor types renders the alphaSUnull tumor as a suitable thyrotropic tumor model.