Piwi-interacting RNAs in cancer: emerging functions and clinical utility

Ng, Kevin W.; Anderson, Christine; Marshall, Erin A.; Minatel, Brenda C.; Enfield, Katey S.S.; Saprunoff, Heather; Lam, Wan L.; Martínez, Victor D.

doi:10.1186/s12943-016-0491-9

Cited by 164 publications

(146 citation statements)

References 90 publications

(102 reference statements)

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“…They have also been detected in variety of human somatic tissues36. Furthermore, it was shown that specific piRNA expression patterns in cancer cells exist37.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of aberrant tRNA-halves expression patterns in clear cell renal cell carcinoma

Nientiedt

Deng

Schmidt

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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Small non-coding RNAs (sncRNA; <200 nt) regulate various cellular processes and modify gene expression. Under nutritional, biological or physiochemical stress some mature sncRNAs (e.g. tRNAs) are cleaved into halves (30–50 nt) and smaller fragments (18–22 nt); the significance and functional role of these tRNA fragments is unknown, but their existence has been linked to carcinogenesis. We used small RNA sequencing to determine the expression of sncRNAs. Subsequently the findings were validated for miR-122-5p, miR-142-3p and 5'tRNA4-Val-AAC using qPCR. We identified differential expression of 132 miRNAs (upregulated: 61, downregulated: 71) and 32 tRNAs (upregulated: 13, downregulated: 19). Read length analysis showed that miRNAs mapped in the 20–24 nt fraction, whereas tRNA reads mapped in the 30–36 nt fraction instead the expected size of 73–95 nt thereby indicating cleavage of tRNAs. Overexpression of miR-122-5p and miR-142-3p as well as downregulation of 5'tRNA4-Val-AAC was validated in an independent cohort of 118 ccRCC and 74 normal renal tissues. Furthermore, staging and grading was inversely correlated with the 5'tRNA4-Val-AAC expression. Serum levels of miR-122-5p, miR-142-3p and 5'tRNA4-Val-AAC did not differ in ccRCC and control subjects. In conclusion, 5′ cleavage of tRNAs occurs in ccRCC, but the exact functional implication of tRNA-halve deregulation remains to be clarified.

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“…They have also been detected in variety of human somatic tissues36. Furthermore, it was shown that specific piRNA expression patterns in cancer cells exist37.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of aberrant tRNA-halves expression patterns in clear cell renal cell carcinoma

Nientiedt

Deng

Schmidt

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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“…The altered expression of miRNAs is sometimes due to chromosomal rearrangements or epigenetic events, so it is essential to study miRNAs in the context of their genomic location so that one can find correlations between their aberrant expression and a specific disease [43,44]. There are a number of activities underway to map all the miRNA and piRNA genes at fragile sites, in areas where there are repetitive elements and in CpG islands and SNP, to see the effect of the two groups of ncRNA in fragile sites and similarities or differences in their distribution in the individual human chromosomes.…”

Section: The Pirnamentioning

confidence: 99%

From epigenetics to anti-doping application: a new tool of detection

Schiera¹,

Contrò²,

Sacco³

et al. 2018

Hum Mov.

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Eukaryotic genomes transcribe up to 90% of the genomic DNA but only 1-2% of these transcripts encode for proteins, whereas the vast majority are transcribed as non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). They are divided into short ncRNA, particularly micro-RNA (miRNA) and small interference RNA (siRNA), and long ncRNAs. Noteworthy, they are unexpectedly stable since they are protected from degradation through different mechanisms: package in exosomes/microvesicles structures, in apoptotic bodies, in HDL lipoprotein, or by RNA binding proteins. For several years already, biomarkers have been used to detect biological disease; in the last years, a requirement appeared to find some of them to unearth the signs of doping. The potential of ncRNAs as a biological candidate is strongly debated and it seems to have become the right tool in the anti-doping hands. In the recent years, the next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology was used by the World Anti-Doping Agency to draft the athlete biological passport (ABP), measuring the circulating miRNAs and applying these new biomarkers in anti-doping. NGS technology does not require any prior knowledge of ncRNAs, but the limit to employ this biomarker to detect performanceenhancing drug use must consider the intrinsic and extrinsic factors that might affect measurements.

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“…MiRNAs revolution has stimulated the investigation of other types of small ncRNAs such as small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), and Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) [3,7,8]. These last two types of molecules are similar to miRNAs in length and function, where siRNAs mediate posttranscriptional inhibitory processes and piRNAs act particularly on transposable elements and are capable of forming complexes with Piwi proteins [7,8].…”

Section: Physiologic and Pathologic Angiogenesis -Signaling Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These last two types of molecules are similar to miRNAs in length and function, where siRNAs mediate posttranscriptional inhibitory processes and piRNAs act particularly on transposable elements and are capable of forming complexes with Piwi proteins [7,8]. piRNAs transcribed from kiwi clusters together with Piwi proteins are capable of transposon modulation through interruption of the specific transcript that will be no longer able to exercise their specific activity.…”

Section: Physiologic and Pathologic Angiogenesis -Signaling Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…piRNAs are recognized to be involved in transposon silencing and gene expression during development and the complete role on the somatic cells remains to be deciphered [8]. In a recent paper were emphases a different piRNASs expression profiles between normal bronchial epithelial cells and lung cancer cells.…”

Section: Physiologic and Pathologic Angiogenesis -Signaling Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Noncoding RNAs in Lung Cancer Angiogenesis

Berindan‐Neagoe¹,

Braicu²,

Gulei³

et al. 2017

Physiologic and Pathologic Angiogenesis - Signaling Mechanisms and Targeted Therapy

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Lung cancer is the major death-related cancer in both men and women, due to late diagnostic and limited treatment efficacy. The angiogenic process that is responsible for the support of tumor progression and metastasis represents one of the main hallmarks of cancer. The role of VEGF signaling in angiogenesis is well-established, and we summarize the role of semaphorins and their related receptors or hypoxia-related factors role as prone of tumor microenvironment in angiogenic mechanisms. Newly, noncoding RNA transcripts (ncRNA) were identified to have vital functions in miscellaneous biological processes, including lung cancer angiogenesis. Therefore, due to their capacity to regulate almost all molecular pathways related with altered key genes, including those involved in angiogenesis and its microenvironment, ncRNAs can serve as diagnosis and prognosis markers or therapeutic targets. We intend to summarize the latest progress in the field of ncRNAs in lung cancer and their relation with hypoxia-related factors and angiogenic genes, with a particular focus on ncRNAs relation to semaphorins.

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Piwi-interacting RNAs in cancer: emerging functions and clinical utility

Cited by 164 publications

References 90 publications

Identification of aberrant tRNA-halves expression patterns in clear cell renal cell carcinoma

Identification of aberrant tRNA-halves expression patterns in clear cell renal cell carcinoma

From epigenetics to anti-doping application: a new tool of detection

Noncoding RNAs in Lung Cancer Angiogenesis

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