Piwi positive cells that line the vasculature epithelium, underlie whole body regeneration in a basal chordate

Rinkevich, Yuval; Rosner, Amalia; Rabinowitz, Claudette; Lapidot, Ziva; Moiseeva, Elithabeth; Rinkevich, B.

doi:10.1016/j.ydbio.2010.05.500

Cited by 94 publications

(107 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Although the extent to which these branchial sac stem cells contribute to various tissues has not yet been investigated, it is suggested that they have the potential to differentiate into multiple lineages due to high expression of pluripotent cell marker genes such as Piwi and Alkaline phosphatase (Juliano et al, 2011(Juliano et al, , 2014O'Connor et al, 2008;Štefková et al, 2015). Piwi-positive stem cells in colonial tunicates are essential for whole-body regeneration (Brown et al, 2009) and also originate from a vascular niche (Rinkevich et al, 2010). Cells of the branchial sac divide following amputation (Jeffery, 2015b); however, EdU and phospho-histone H2 labeling of regenerating OSs showed no detectable increase in the number of dividing cells per unit area until ∼4 D (Auger et al, 2010).…”

Section: Discussion Molecular Signatures Indicate Conserved Features mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These traits, in combination with a sequenced and wellannotated genome, make C. robusta a powerful model for identifying the components and interactions that comprise gene regulatory networks that govern biological processes, including regeneration (Dehal et al, 2002;Satou et al, 2008). The colonial tunicates, such as Botryllus schlosseri, show whole-body regeneration (Kürn et al, 2011;Rinkevich et al, 1995Rinkevich et al, , 2010Voskoboynik et al, 2007). Ciona intestinalis and Ciona robusta, two species that until recently were both called Ciona intestinalis (Brunetti et al, 2015), are well-established models for embryology, and as adults they can rapidly and robustly regenerate their oral siphons as well as their central nervous systems (Jeffery, 2015a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A microRNA-mRNA expression network during oral siphon regeneration in Ciona

et al. 2017

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Here we present a parallel study of mRNA and microRNA expression during oral siphon (OS) regeneration in Ciona robusta, and the derived network of their interactions. In the process of identifying 248 mRNAs and 15 microRNAs as differentially expressed, we also identified 57 novel microRNAs, several of which are among the most highly differentially expressed. Analysis of functional categories identified enriched transcripts related to stress responses and apoptosis at the wound healing stage, signaling pathways including Wnt and TGFβ during early regrowth, and negative regulation of extracellular proteases in late stage regeneration. Consistent with the expression results, we found that inhibition of TGFβ signaling blocked OS regeneration. A correlation network was subsequently inferred for all predicted microRNA-mRNA target pairs expressed during regeneration. Network-based clustering associated transcripts into 22 non-overlapping groups, the functional analysis of which showed enrichment of stress response, signaling pathway and extracellular protease categories that could be related to specific microRNAs. Predicted targets of the miR-9 cluster suggest a role in regulating differentiation and the proliferative state of neural progenitors through regulation of the cytoskeleton and cell cycle.

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Section: Discussion Molecular Signatures Indicate Conserved Features mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A microRNA-mRNA expression network during oral siphon regeneration in Ciona

et al. 2017

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“…It is now realized that this is the more ancestral mode . In animals that use this mode of GSC generation, a subset of so-called germline specific genes, including vasa, nanos and piwi, has been shown to be expressed, and in several cases, to function in both tunicates including germ cells (Rinkevich et al, 2010). A connection between piwi expression and multipotency has also been reported in the hydrozoan, Podocoryne carnea, where striated muscle cells of the medusa, which has high transdifferentiating capacity, expresses piwi (Seipel et al, 2004).…”

Section: Mpscs and Gscs: The Similarities And The Differencesmentioning

confidence: 94%

Germline stem cells and sex determination in Hydra

Nishimiya-Fujisawa¹,

Kobayashi²

2012

Int. J. Dev. Biol.

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The sex of germline stem cells (GSCs) in Hydra is determined in a cell-autonomous manner. In gonochoristic species like Hydra magnipapillata or H. oligactis, where the sexes are separate, male polyps have sperm-restricted stem cells (SpSCs), while females have egg-restricted stem cells (EgSCs). These GSCs self-renew in a polyp, and are usually transmitted to a new bud from a parental polyp during asexual reproduction. But if these GSCs are lost during subsequent budding or regeneration events, new ones are generated from multipotent stem cells (MPSCs). MPSCs are the somatic stem cells in Hydra that ordinarily differentiate into nerve cells, nematocytes (stinging cells in cnidarians), and gland cells. By means of such a backup system, sexual reproduction is guaranteed for every polyp. Interestingly, Hydra polyps occasionally undergo sex-reversal. This implies that each polyp can produce either type of GSCs, i.e. Hydra are genetically hermaphroditic. Nevertheless a polyp possesses only one type of GSCs at a time. We propose a plausible model for sex-reversal in Hydra. We also discuss so-called germline specific genes, which are expressed in both GSCs and MPSCs, and some future plans to investigate Hydra GSCs.

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“…Recently, Witchley and collaborators showed that the set of genes that control positional information during regeneration in planarians, are expressed not in neoblasts, but in muscle cells, showing the role of musculature during repatterning of the planarian body (Witchley et al, 2013). Vascular networks, and in particular endothelial cells, are emerging as important signaling centers, essential to coordinate whole body regeneration in ascidians (Brown et al, 2009a;Rinkevich et al, 2010) and in vertebrate organs (reviewed in Ramasamy et al, 2015). Evolution of different components of the extracellular matrix can also directly foster or inhibit regenerative processes.…”

Section: Constraints and Exaptations In Regenerationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconsidering regeneration in metazoans: an evo-devo approach

Tiozzo

Copley

2015

Front. Ecol. Evol.

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Regeneration of body structures is an ability widely but unevenly distributed amongst the animal kingdom. Understanding regenerative biology in metazoans means understanding the multiplicity of the cellular and molecular mechanisms that lead to the differentiation, morphogenesis and ultimately the development of a particular regenerating unit. In this manuscript we critically assess the evolutionary considerations suggesting that regeneration is an ancestral trait rather than a mechanism independently evolved in different taxa. As a general method to test evolutionary hypothesis on regeneration, we propose mechanistically dissecting the regenerative processes according to its conserved chronological steps: wound healing, mobilization of cell precursors and morphogenesis. We then suggest interpreting regenerative biology from an evo-devo perspective, proposing a possible theoretical framework and experimental approaches without necessarily invoking a common origin or only multiple losses of regenerative capabilities.

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Piwi positive cells that line the vasculature epithelium, underlie whole body regeneration in a basal chordate

Cited by 94 publications

References 33 publications

A microRNA-mRNA expression network during oral siphon regeneration in Ciona

A microRNA-mRNA expression network during oral siphon regeneration in Ciona

Germline stem cells and sex determination in Hydra

Reconsidering regeneration in metazoans: an evo-devo approach

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