PIXE analysis of airborne particulate matter from Xalostoc, Mexico: winter to summer comparison

Aldape, F.; Díaz, Ramírez; Hernández-Méndez, B.

doi:10.1016/s0168-583x(98)00904-5

Cited by 15 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Other peaks in the positive ion spectrum include 23 Na + and 39 K + . It has been observed in other studies that Pb, Zn and Na were associated with the industrial areas in northern Mexico City (Miranda et al, 1994;Flores et al, 1999;Johnson et al, 2006). In addition to nitrate ( 46 NO − 2 and 62 NO − 3 ), chloride ( 35 Cl − / 37 Cl − ) was one of the most abundant ion in the negative spectra.…”

Section: Naclznpbmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…Prior to the development of the Automatic Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Network (RAMA) measurements that began in the mid 1980s, there were very few detailed measurements of particulate matter chemical composition in Mexico City. From the late 1980s to present, a number of research groups measured PM chemical composition in Mexico City by using filters to collect PM followed by analysis with Proton Induced X-Ray Emission (PIXE) (Miranda et al, 1992;Cahill et al, 1996;Miranda et al, 1998;Flores et al, 1999;Miranda et al, 2004). Flores (1999) showed increased concentrations of lead, copper and zinc existed in the northern (industrial) part of the city.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From the late 1980s to present, a number of research groups measured PM chemical composition in Mexico City by using filters to collect PM followed by analysis with Proton Induced X-Ray Emission (PIXE) (Miranda et al, 1992;Cahill et al, 1996;Miranda et al, 1998;Flores et al, 1999;Miranda et al, 2004). Flores (1999) showed increased concentrations of lead, copper and zinc existed in the northern (industrial) part of the city. These results were further corroborated by other results from the sampling period (Mugica et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Measurement of ambient aerosols in northern Mexico City by single particle mass spectrometry

et al. 2008

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Abstract. Continuous ambient measurements with aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ATOFMS) were made in an industrial/residential section in the northern part of Mexico City as part of the Mexico City Metropolitan Area-2006 campaign (MCMA-2006. Results are presented for the period of 15-27 March 2006. The submicron size mode contained both fresh and aged biomass burning, aged organic carbon (OC) mixed with nitrate and sulfate, elemental carbon (EC), nitrogen-organic carbon, industrial metal, and inorganic NaK inorganic particles. Overall, biomass burning and aged OC particle types comprised 40% and 31%, respectively, of the submicron mode. In contrast, the supermicron mode was dominated by inorganic NaK particle types (42%) which represented a mixture of dry lake bed dust and industrial NaK emissions mixed with soot. Additionally, aluminosilicate dust, transition metals, OC, and biomass burning contributed to the supermicron particles. Early morning periods (2-6 a.m.) showed high fractions of inorganic particles from industrial sources in the northeast, composed of internal mixtures of Pb, Zn, EC and Cl, representing up to 73% of the particles in the 0.2-3µm size range. A unique nitrogencontaining organic carbon (NOC) particle type, peaking in the early morning hours, was hypothesized to be amines from local industrial emissions based on the time series profile and back trajectory analysis. A strong dependence on wind speed and direction was observed in the single particle types that were present during different times of the day. The early morning (3:30-10 a.m.) showed the greatest contributions from industrial emissions. During mid to late mornings (7-11 a.m.), weak northerly winds were observed along with the Correspondence to: K. A. Prather (kprather@ucsd.edu) most highly aged particles. Stronger winds from the south picked up in the late morning (after 11 a.m.), resulting in a decrease in the concentrations of the major aged particle types and an increase in the number fraction of fresh biomass particles. The highest wind speeds were correlated with the highest number fraction of fresh biomass particles (up to 76% of the submicron number fraction) when winds were coming directly from fires that were located south and southeast of the city based on MODIS fire count data. This study provides a unique clock of hourly changes in single particle mixing state and sources as a function of meteorology in Mexico City. These new findings indicate that biomass burning and industrial emissions can make significant contributions to primary particle loadings in Mexico City that are strongly coupled with local meteorology.

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Section: Naclznpbmentioning

confidence: 75%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Measurement of ambient aerosols in northern Mexico City by single particle mass spectrometry

et al. 2008

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“…Deviations from this absorptivity were not observed for mixtures of alanine and ammonium sulfate. Possibilities of absorption at 1625 cm −1 by organonitrate compounds were ruled out by the absence of absorption at 1280 cm −1 in the ambient FTIR spectra (Mylonas et al, 1991;Allen et al, 1994;Garnes et al, 2002;Laurent et al, 2004). Water absorption at 1625 cm −1 is removed by purging the sample chamber of FTIR instrument for 3 min before scanning each sample.…”

Section: Appendix a Ftir Calibrations Of Amine Functional Groupsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxygenated organic functional groups and their sources in single and submicron organic particles in MILAGRO 2006 campaign

et al. 2009

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Abstract. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) were used to measure organic functional groups and elements of submicron particles collected during MILAGRO in March 2006 on three platforms: the Mexico City urban area (SIMAT), the high altitude site at 4010 m (Altzomoni), and the NCAR C130 aircraft. Scanning Transmission X-ray Microscopy (STXM) and Near-Edge X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (NEXAFS) were applied to single particle organic functional group abundance analysis of particles simultaneously collected at SIMAT and C130. Correlations of elemental concentrations showed different groups of source-related elements at SIMAT, Altzomoni, and C130, suggesting different processes affecting the air masses sampled at the three platforms. Cluster analysis resulted in seven distinct clusters of FTIR spectra, with the last three clusters consisting of spectra collected almost exclusively on the C130 platform, reflecting the variety of sources contributing to C130 samples. Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) of STXM-NEXAFS spectra identified three main factors representing soot, secondary, and biomass burning type spectra. PMF of FTIR spectra resulted in two fossil fuel combustion factors and one biomass burning factor, the former representative of source regions to the northeast and southwest of SIMAT. Alkane, carboxylic acid, amine, and alcohol functional groups were mainly associated with combustion related sources, while non-acid carbonyl groups were likely from biomass burning events. The majority of OM and O/C was attributed to combustion sources, although no distinction between direct emissions and atmospherically processed OM could be identified.

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“…Prior to the development of the Automatic Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Network (RAMA) measurements that began in the mid 1980s, there were very few detailed measurements of particulate matter chemical composition in Mexico City. From the late 1980's to present, Aldape, Miranda, Flores and co-workers measured PM chemical composition in Mexico City by using filters to collect PM followed by analysis with Proton Induced X-Ray Emission (PIXE) (Aldape et al, 1996a, b;Cahill et al, 1996;Flores et al, 1999;Miranda et al, 1992Miranda et al, , 1998Miranda et al, , 2004. Flores (1999) showed that there were increased concentrations of lead, copper and zinc in the northern (industrial) part of the city.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of ambient aerosols in northern Mexico City by single particle mass spectrometry

Moffet¹,

Foy²,

Molina³

et al. 2007

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Continuous ambient measurements with aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ATOFMS) were made in an industrial/residential section in the northern part of Mex-ico City as part of the Mexico City Metropolitan Area-2006 campaign (MCMA-2006). Results are presented for the period of 15-27 March 2006. The submicron size mode contained both fresh and aged biomass burning, aged organic carbon (OC) mixed with nitrate and sulfate, elemental carbon (EC), nitrogen-organic carbon, industrial metal, and inorganic NaK inorganic particles. Overall, biomass burning and aged OC particle types comprised 40% and 31%, respectively , of the submicron mode. In contrast, the supermicron mode was dominated by inorganic NaK particle types (42%) which represented a mixture of dry lake bed dust and industrial NaK emissions mixed with soot. Additionally, alumi-nosilicate dust, transition metals, OC, and biomass burning contributed to the supermicron particles. Early morning periods (2-6 a.m.) showed high fractions of inorganic particles from industrial sources in the northeast, composed of internal mixtures of Pb, Zn, EC and Cl, representing up to 73% of the particles in the 0.2-3µm size range. A unique nitrogen-containing organic carbon (NOC) particle type, peaking in the early morning hours, was hypothesized to be amines from local industrial emissions based on the time series profile and back trajectory analysis. A strong dependence on wind speed and direction was observed in the single particle types that were present during different times of the day. The early morning (3:30-10 a.m.) showed the greatest contributions from industrial emissions. During mid to late mornings (7-11 a.m.), weak northerly winds were observed along with the Correspondence to: K. A. Prather (kprather@ucsd.edu) most highly aged particles. Stronger winds from the south picked up in the late morning (after 11 a.m.), resulting in a decrease in the concentrations of the major aged particle types and an increase in the number fraction of fresh biomass particles. The highest wind speeds were correlated with the highest number fraction of fresh biomass particles (up to 76% of the submicron number fraction) when winds were coming directly from fires that were located south and southeast of the city based on MODIS fire count data. This study provides a unique clock of hourly changes in single particle mixing state and sources as a function of meteorology in Mexico City. These new findings indicate that biomass burning and industrial emissions can make significant contributions to primary particle loadings in Mexico City that are strongly coupled with local meteorology.

show abstract

PIXE analysis of airborne particulate matter from Xalostoc, Mexico: winter to summer comparison

Cited by 15 publications

References 9 publications

Measurement of ambient aerosols in northern Mexico City by single particle mass spectrometry

Measurement of ambient aerosols in northern Mexico City by single particle mass spectrometry

Oxygenated organic functional groups and their sources in single and submicron organic particles in MILAGRO 2006 campaign

Measurement of ambient aerosols in northern Mexico City by single particle mass spectrometry

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