PIXE analysis of atmospheric aerosols in Mexico City

Miranda, J.; Barrera, V.; Espinosa, A.A.; Galindo, O. S.; Meinguer, J.

doi:10.1002/xrs.823

Cited by 18 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Power plants can have high SO 2 and low CO emissions, however (CAM, 2004), and our findings suggest that anthropogenic SO 2 emissions may have an important impact on MCMA air quality that has been previously overlooked. This has been supported by the recent study of Miranda et al (2005) which found evidence of anthropogenic sources for particulate S in the MCMA.…”

Section: Industrysupporting

confidence: 61%

Aerosol composition and source apportionment in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area with PIXE/PESA/STIM and multivariate analysis

et al. 2006

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Abstract. Aerosols play an important role in the atmosphere but are poorly characterized, particularly in urban areas like the Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA). The chemical composition of urban particles must be known to assess their effects on the environment, and specific particulate emissions sources should be identified to establish effective pollution control standards. For these reasons, samples of particulate matter ≤2.5 µm (PM 2.5 ) were collected during the MCMA-2003 Field Campaign for elemental and multivariate analyses. Proton-Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE), ProtonElastic Scattering Analysis (PESA) and Scanning Transmission Ion Microscopy (STIM) measurements were done to determine concentrations of 19 elements from Na to Pb, hydrogen, and total mass, respectively. The most abundant elements from PIXE analysis were S, Si, K, Fe, Ca, and Al, while the major emissions sources associated with these elements were industry, wind-blown soil, and biomass burning. Wind trajectories suggest that metals associated with industrial emissions came from northern areas of the city whereas soil aerosols came from the southwest and increased in concentration during dry conditions. Elemental markers for fuel oil combustion, V and Ni, correlated with a large SO 2 plume to suggest an anthropogenic, rather than volcanic, emissions source. By subtracting major components of soil and sulfates determined by PIXE analysis from STIM total mass measurements, we estimate that approximately 50% of nonvolatile PM 2.5 consisted of carbonaceous material.

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Section: Industrysupporting

confidence: 61%

Aerosol composition and source apportionment in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area with PIXE/PESA/STIM and multivariate analysis

et al. 2006

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“…V and Ni are associated to the refinery located to the NE side of the sampling site (Chow et al 2002b), whereas Pb and Ni are emitted by mobile sources (Mugica et al 2002;Mugica et al 2008) near the sampling site. Fe and Ti show similar trends, and their concentrations did not show strong variation with wind direction, suggesting that these metals are associated to geological sources as Miranda et al (2005) indicated. Mn is associated to winds coming from W and NE where a ferromanganese industry and a refinery are located, respectively.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 63%

“…Since a mineral transport facility is located near the sampling zone, these metals are likely associated to this source. The relationship between V and Ni indicates the presence of oil combustion and emissions from catalytic processes in the refinery (Chow et al 2004;Miranda et al 2005;Thomas and Morawska 2002). Cu and Zn originate from galvanizing activities and incinerators (Karar et al 2006;Thomas and Morawska 2002) and tire and brake wear (Amato et al 2011).…”

Section: Correlation Between Metalsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Cu and Zn originate from galvanizing activities and incinerators (Karar et al 2006;Thomas and Morawska 2002) and tire and brake wear (Amato et al 2011). Mn, Fe, and Ti are associated to geological sources (Miranda et al 2005;Thomas and Morawska 2002). Moreover, Pb-Ni and Cd-Cr are associated to mobile sources and industries, respectively (Mugica et al 2002).…”

Section: Correlation Between Metalsmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Temporal variation of PM10 and metal concentrations in Tampico, Mexico

Flores

Rodríguez-Espinosa

Oca-Valero

et al. 2014

Air Qual Atmos Health

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Concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Ti, V, and Zn in particulate matter (PM) 10 ambient air samples were determined for the urban zone of Tampico, Mexico every 6 days during 2004. A Wedding and Associates PM 10 highvolume sampler was used to collect the particles on quartz and glass fiber filters. A Thermo Jarrel Ash inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES) was used to identify and quantify metals in PM 10 according to the USEPA-IO 3.1 method. A scanning electron microscope with an energy dispersive spectrometer (SEM-EDS) was used to analyze the elemental composition, size, and morphology of atmospheric particles. Principal component factor analysis (PCFA) was used to study the sources of PM 10 and metals. PM 10 and Pb concentrations in Tampico did not exceed the Mexican standard value of 120 and 1.5 μg m −3 in 24 h, respectively. PM 10 concentrations ranged from 12 to 47 μg m −3 . The results for Cd, Cr, and Cu are associated to the presence of an industrial source near the sampling site. V and Zn and likely Pb and Ni are related to a refinery. Fe and Ti are associated to natural sources, whereas Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, and Zn are associated to the storage and transportation of minerals near the sampling zone. Mn is associated to a ferromanganese manufacturing industry and to the refinery. The SEM-EDS micrographs show porous spherical particles rich in V and Ni and smooth spherical particles rich in C and O.

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“…Tales son los casos de zonas metropolitanas como el Valle de México, Guadalajara y Monterrey. [11][12][13][14] Sin embargo, en la mayoría de las zonas provinciales de la República Mexicana, existe poca información al respecto, tal es el caso de la Ciudad de San Francisco de Campeche, capital del Estado de Campeche, la cual presenta un clima tropical húmedo 15 convirtiéndola en una locación idónea para la realización de estudios de evaluación temprana de calidad del aire. Así mismo, la ciudad es considera Patrimonio Cultural de la Humanidad por la UNESCO desde 1999, por lo que se pretende realizar un estudio sobre contaminantes atmosféricos y su relación con variables meteorológicas en la ciudad y evaluar los efectos de los aerosoles atmosféricos sobre la población y materiales de interés histórico-artístico.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified